17-A M.R.S.A. § 651

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Maine Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 17-A. Maine Criminal Code

Part 2. Substantive Offenses

Chapter 27. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 651. Robbery

1. A person is guilty of robbery if the person commits or attempts to commit theft and at the time of the person's actions:

A. The actor recklessly inflicts bodily injury on another. Violation of this paragraph is a Class B crime;

B. The actor threatens to use force against any person present with the intent:

(1) To prevent or overcome resistance to the taking of the property, or to the retention of the property immediately after the taking; or

(2) To compel the person in control of the property to give it up or to engage in other conduct that aids in the taking or carrying away of the property.

Violation of this paragraph is a Class B crime;

C. The actor uses physical force on another with the intent specified in paragraph B, subparagraph (1) or (2). Violation of this paragraph is a Class A crime;

D. The actor intentionally inflicts or attempts to inflict bodily injury on another. Violation of this paragraph is a Class A crime; or

E. The actor is armed with a dangerous weapon in the course of a robbery as defined in paragraphs A through D or knows that the accomplice is so armed. Violation of this paragraph is a Class A crime.

2. Repealed. Laws 2001, c. 383, § 74, eff. Jan. 31, 2003.

CREDIT(S)

1975, c. 499, § 1, eff. May 1, 1976; 1975, c. 740, § 73, eff. May 1, 1976; 2001, c. 383, §§ 73, 74, eff. Jan. 31, 2003.

Current with emergency legislation through Chapter 75 of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 126th Legislature

17-A M.R.S.A. § 652

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Maine Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 17-A. Maine Criminal Code

Part 2. Substantive Offenses

Chapter 27. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 652. Repealed. 1975, c. 740, § 74, eff. May 1, 1976

Current with emergency legislation through Chapter 75 of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 126th Legislature

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West’s District of Columbia Code Annotated 2001 Edition Currentness

Division IV. Criminal Law and Procedure and Prisoners.

Title 22. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle I. Criminal Offenses.

Chapter 28. Robbery.

§ 22-2801. Robbery.

Whoever by force or violence, whether against resistance or by sudden or stealthy seizure or snatching, or by putting in fear, shall take from the person or immediate actual possession of another anything of value, is guilty of robbery, and any person convicted thereof shall suffer imprisonment for not less than 2 years nor more than 15 years.

CREDIT(S)

(Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1322, ch. 854, § 810; Dec. 27, 1967, 81 Stat. 737, Pub. L. 90-226, title VI, § 603.)

Current through April 16, 2013

DC ST § 22-2802   Formerly cited as DC ST 1981 § 22-2902

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West’s District of Columbia Code Annotated 2001 Edition Currentness

Division IV. Criminal Law and Procedure and Prisoners.

Title 22. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle I. Criminal Offenses.

Chapter 28. Robbery.

§ 22-2802. Attempt to commit robbery.

Whoever attempts to commit robbery, as defined in § 22-2801, by an overt act, shall be imprisoned for not more than 3 years or be fined not more than $500, or both.

CREDIT(S)

(Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1322, ch. 854, § 811.)

Current through April 16, 2013

DC ST § 22-2803   Formerly cited as DC ST 1981 § 22-2903

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West’s District of Columbia Code Annotated 2001 Edition Currentness

Division IV. Criminal Law and Procedure and Prisoners.

Title 22. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle I. Criminal Offenses.

Chapter 28. Robbery.

§ 22-2803. Carjacking.

(a)(1) A person commits the offense of carjacking if, by any means, that person knowingly or recklessly by force or violence, whether against resistance or by sudden or stealthy seizure or snatching, or by putting in fear, or attempts to do so, shall take from another person immediate actual possession of a person's motor vehicle.

(2) A person convicted of carjacking shall be fined not more than $5,000 and be imprisoned for a mandatory-minimum term of not less than 7 years and a maximum term of not more than 21 years, or both.

(b)(1) A person commits the offense of armed carjacking if that person, while armed with or having readily available any pistol or other firearm (or imitation thereof) or other dangerous or deadly weapon (including a sawed-off shotgun, shotgun, machine gun, rifle, dirk, bowie knife, butcher knife, switch-blade knife, razor, blackjack, billy, or metallic or other false knuckles), commits or attempts to commit the offense of carjacking.

(2) A person convicted of armed carjacking shall be fined not more than $10,000 and be imprisoned for a mandatory-minimum term of not less than 15 years and a maximum term of not more than 40 years, or both. However, the court may impose a prison sentence in excess of 30 years only in accordance with § 24-403.01(b-2). For purposes of imprisonment following revocation of release authorized by § 24-403.01(b)(7), armed carjacking is a Class A felony.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person convicted of carjacking shall not be released from prison prior to the expiration of 7 years from the date of the commencement of the sentence, and a person convicted of armed carjacking shall not be released from prison prior to the expiration of 15 years from the date of the commencement of the sentence.

CREDIT(S)

(Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 811a, as added May 8, 1993, D.C. Law 9-270, § 2, 39 DCR 9223; Oct. 2, 1993, D.C. Law 10-26, § 2, 40 DCR 3416; June 8, 2001, D.C. Law 13-302, § 4(f), 47 DCR 7249; June 19, 2001, D.C. Law 13-313, § 21(a), 48 DCR 1873.)

Current through April 16, 2013

DC ST § 22-2901   Formerly cited as DC ST 1981 § 22-3416

W. Va. Code, § 61-2-12

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of West Virginia Currentness

Chapter 61. Crimes and Their Punishment

Article 2. Crimes Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

§ 61-2-12. Robbery or attempted robbery; penalties

(a) Any person who commits or attempts to commit robbery by:

(1) Committing violence to the person, including, but not limited to, partial strangulation or suffocation or by striking or beating; or (2) uses the threat of deadly force by the presenting of a firearm or other deadly weapon, is guilty of robbery in the first degree and, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in a state correctional facility not less than ten years.

(b) Any person who commits or attempts to commit robbery by placing the victim in fear of bodily injury by means other than those set forth in subsection (a) of this section or any person who commits or attempts to commit robbery by the use of any means designed to temporarily disable the victim, including, but not limited to, the use of a disabling chemical substance or an electronic shock device, is guilty of robbery in the second degree and, upon conviction thereof, shall be confined in a correctional facility for not less than five years nor more than eighteen years.

(c) If any person: (1) By force and violence, or by putting in fear, feloniously takes, or feloniously attempts to take, from the person or presence of another any property or money or any other thing of value belonging to, or in the care, custody, control, management or possession of, any bank, he shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than ten nor more than twenty years; and (2) if any person in committing, or in attempting to commit, any offense defined in the preceding clause (1) of this subsection, assaults any person, or puts in jeopardy the life of any person by the use of a dangerous weapon or device, disabling chemical substance or an electronic shock device, he shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than ten years nor more than twenty-five years.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1882, c. 118, § 12; Acts 1939, c. 28; Acts 1961, c. 25; Acts 2000, c. 80, eff. 90 days after March 6, 2000.

Formerly Code Va. 1849, c. 191, § 12; Code Va. 1860, c. 191, § 12; Code 1868, c. 144, § 12; Code 1923, c. 144, § 12.

Current through S.B. 412 of 2013 Reg. Sess.

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Delaware Code Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I. Delaware Criminal Code

Chapter 5. Specific Offenses

Subchapter III. Offenses Involving Property

Subpart C. Robbery

§ 831. Robbery in the second degree; class E felony

(a) A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree when, in the course of committing theft, the person uses or threatens the immediate use of force upon another person with intent to:

(1) Prevent or overcome resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking; or

(2) Compel the owner of the property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the theft.

Robbery in the second degree is a class E felony.

(b) In addition to its ordinary meaning, the phrase "in the course of committing theft" includes any act which occurs in an attempt to commit theft or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission of the theft.

CREDIT(S)

58 Laws 1972, ch. 497, § 1; 65 Laws 1986, ch. 517, § 1; 67 Laws 1989, ch. 130, § 8; 68 Laws 1991, ch. 129, § 4; 70 Laws 1995, ch. 186, § 1, eff. July 10, 1995; 71 Laws 1997, ch. 47, § 1, eff. May 22, 1997.

Codifications: 11 Del.C. 1953, § 831

Current through 79 Laws 2013, chs. 1 - 24. Revisions by the Delaware Code Revisors were unavailable at the time of publication.

11 Del.C. § 832

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Delaware Code Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I. Delaware Criminal Code

Chapter 5. Specific Offenses

Subchapter III. Offenses Involving Property

Subpart C. Robbery

§ 832. Robbery in the first degree

(a) A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree when the person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree and when, in the course of the commission of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom, the person or another participant in the crime:

(1) Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime; or

(2) Displays what appears to be a deadly weapon or represents by word or conduct that the person is in possession or control of a deadly weapon; or

(3) Is armed with and uses or threatens the use of a dangerous instrument; or

(4) Commits said crime against a person who is 62 years of age or older.

Robbery in the first degree is a class B felony.

(b) Notwithstanding any provisions of this section or Code to the contrary, any person convicted of robbery in the first degree shall receive a minimum sentence of:

(1) Three years at Level V; or

(2) Five years at Level V, if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 10 years of the date of a previous conviction for robbery in the first degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 10 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for robbery in the first degree, whichever is the later date.

Any sentence imposed pursuant to this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of § 4215 of this title.

(c) The sentencing provisions of this section apply to attempted robbery in the first degree as well as robbery in the first degree.

CREDIT(S)

58 Laws 1972, ch. 497, § 1; 59 Laws 1974, ch. 547, § 6; 60 Laws 1975, ch. 240, §§ 1, 2; 63 Laws 1982, ch. 329, § 1; 67 Laws 1989, ch. 130, §§ 8, 13; 68 Laws 1991, ch. 129, § 5; 70 Laws 1995, ch. 186, § 1, eff. July 10, 1995; 73 Laws 2001, ch. 126, § 9, eff. July 9, 2001; 74 Laws 2003, ch. 93, § 1, eff. June 30, 2003; 74 Laws 2003, ch. 106, § 6, eff. June 30, 2003; 74 Laws 2004, ch. 345, § 6, eff. July 12, 2004.

Codifications: 11 Del.C. 1953, § 832

Current through 79 Laws 2013, chs. 1 - 24. Revisions by the Delaware Code Revisors were unavailable at the time of publication.

11 Del.C. § 835

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Delaware Code Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I. Delaware Criminal Code

Chapter 5. Specific Offenses

Subchapter III. Offenses Involving Property

Subpart C. Robbery

§ 835. Carjacking in the second degree; class E felony; class D felony

(a) A person is guilty of carjacking in the second degree when that person knowingly and unlawfully takes possession or control of a motor vehicle from another person or from the immediate presence of another person by coercion, duress or otherwise without the permission of the other person.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, carjacking in the second degree is a class E felony.

(2) Carjacking in the second degree is a class D felony if the elements of subsection (a) of this section are met and if, while in possession or control of the vehicle, the person:

a. Recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another person; or

b. Compels a lawful occupant of the vehicle to leave the vehicle; or

c. Causes the vehicle to be operated recklessly.

(c) It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that the offender did not physically drive or operate the motor vehicle, nor is it a defense under this section that the offender did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or another person of the use of the vehicle.

(d) This section is not a related or included offense of § 831 or § 832 of this title. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude prosecution under any other provision of this Code.

CREDIT(S)

72 Laws 1999, ch. 34, § 1, eff. May 12, 1999.

Current through 79 Laws 2013, chs. 1 - 24. Revisions by the Delaware Code Revisors were unavailable at the time of publication.

11 Del.C. § 836

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Delaware Code Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I. Delaware Criminal Code

Chapter 5. Specific Offenses

Subchapter III. Offenses Involving Property

Subpart C. Robbery

§ 836. Carjacking in the first degree; class C felony; class B felony

(a) A person is guilty of carjacking in the first degree when the person knowingly and unlawfully takes possession or control of a motor vehicle from another person or from the immediate presence of another person by coercion, duress or otherwise without the permission of the other person, and:

(1) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person commits or attempts to commit a class D or greater felony; or

(2) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person drives or operates the vehicle in violation of § 4177 of Title 21; or

(3) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person commits any offense set forth in Chapter 47 of Title 16; or

(4) While in possession or control of such vehicle or while in the course of taking or attempting to take possession or control of such vehicle the person displays what appears to be a deadly weapon or represents by word or conduct that the person is in possession or control of a deadly weapon.

(5) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person causes physical injury to another person; or

(6) The person from whom possession or control of the vehicle is taken, or an occupant or passenger of such vehicle, is 62 years of age or older or 14 years of age or younger.

(b) Carjacking in the first degree as defined in paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section is a class C felony. Carjacking in the first degree as defined in paragraphs (a)(4), (a)(5) and (a)(6) of this section is a class B felony.

(c) It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that the offender did not physically drive or operate the motor vehicle, nor is it a defense under this section that the offender did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or another person of the use of the vehicle.

(d) It is no defense to a prosecution under paragraph (a)(6) of this section, that the accused did not know the age of the person from whom possession or control of the vehicle is taken, or an occupant or passenger of such vehicle, or that the accused reasonably believed such person to be under the age of 62 or over the age of 14.

(e) For the purpose of any prosecution under paragraph (a)(5) of this section, it is unnecessary to prove the accused's state of mind with regard to causation of physical injury, notwithstanding the provisions of § 251 or § 252 of this title or any other statute to the contrary.

(f) This section is not a related or included offense of § 831 or § 832 of this title. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude prosecution under any other provision of this Code.

CREDIT(S)

72 Laws 1999, ch. 34, § 2, eff. May 12, 1999; 74 Laws 2003, ch. 93, § 2, eff. June 30, 2003.

Current through 79 Laws 2013, chs. 1 - 24. Revisions by the Delaware Code Revisors were unavailable at the time of publication.

11 Del.C. § 837

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Delaware Code Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I. Delaware Criminal Code

Chapter 5. Specific Offenses

Subchapter III. Offenses Involving Property

Subpart C. Robbery

§ 837. Definitions relating to carjacking

(a) "Another person" includes the owner of the vehicle or any operator, occupant, passenger of the vehicle or any other person who has an interest in the use of the vehicle which the offender is not privileged to infringe.

(b) "Motor vehicle" or "vehicle," in addition to its ordinary meaning, includes any watercraft.

CREDIT(S)

72 Laws 1999, ch. 34, § 3, eff. May 12, 1999.

Current through 79 Laws 2013, chs. 1 - 24. Revisions by the Delaware Code Revisors were unavailable at the time of publication.

11 Del.C. § 840

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 791

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 791. Robbery defined

Robbery is a wrongful taking of personal property in the possession of another, from his person or immediate presence, and against his will, accomplished by means of force or fear.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2364.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 792

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 792. Force or fear--How employed

To constitute robbery, the force or fear must be employed either to obtain or retain possession of the property, or to prevent or overcome resistance to the taking. If employed merely as a means of escape, it does not constitute robbery.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2365.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 793

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 793. Degree of force immaterial

When force is employed in either of the ways specified in the last section, [FN1] the degree of force employed is immaterial.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2366.

[FN1] Title 21, § 792.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 794

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 794. What fear is an element

The fear which constitutes robbery may be either:

1. The fear of an unlawful injury, immediate or future, to the person or property of the person robbed or of any relative of his, or member of his family; or,

2. The fear of an immediate and unlawful injury to the person or property of anyone in the company of the person robbed, at the time of the robbery.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2367.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 795

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 795. Value of property not material

When property is taken under the circumstances, required to constitute robbery, the fact that the property was of trifling value does not qualify the offense.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2368.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 796

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 796. Taking secretly not robbery

The taking of property from the person of another is not robbery, when it clearly appears that the taking was fully completed without his knowledge.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2369.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 797

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 797. Degrees of robbery

Robbery in the first degree is when, in the course of committing the theft, the defendant:

1. inflicts serious bodily injury upon the person;

2. threatens a person with immediate serious bodily injury;

3. intentionally puts a person in fear of immediate serious bodily injury; or

4. commits or threatens to commit a felony upon the person.

When accomplished in any other manner, it is robbery in the second degree.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2370; Laws 2001, c. 437, § 4, eff. July 1, 2001.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 798

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 798. Robbery in the first degree a felony

Any person guilty of robbery in the first degree shall be guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in the State Penitentiary not less than ten (10) years.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2371; Laws 1997, c. 133, § 240, eff. July 1, 1999; Laws 1999, 1st Ex.Sess., c. 5, § 144, eff. July 1, 1999.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 799

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 799. Robbery in the second degree a felony

Any person guilty of robbery in the second degree shall be guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in the State Penitentiary not exceeding ten (10) years.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2372; Laws 1997, c. 133, § 241, eff. July 1, 1999; Laws 1999, 1st Ex.Sess., c. 5, § 145, eff. July 1, 1999.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 800

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 800. Robbery by two or more persons a felony

Whenever two or more persons conjointly commit a robbery or where the whole number of persons conjointly commits a robbery and persons present and aiding such robbery amount to two or more, each and either of such persons shall be guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in the State Penitentiary for not less than five (5) years nor more than fifty (50) years.

CREDIT(S)

R.L.1910, § 2373; Laws 1997, c. 133, § 242, eff. July 1, 1999; Laws 1999, 1st Ex.Sess., c. 5, § 146, eff. July 1, 1999.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

21 Okl.St.Ann. § 801

Oklahoma Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 21. Crimes and Punishments

Part III. Crimes Against the Person

Chapter 28. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 801. Robbery or attempted robbery with dangerous weapon or imitation firearm a felony

Any person or persons who, with the use of any firearms or any other dangerous weapons, whether the firearm is loaded or not, or who uses a blank or imitation firearm capable of raising in the mind of the one threatened with such device a fear that it is a real firearm, attempts to rob or robs any person or persons, or who robs or attempts to rob any place of business, residence or banking institution or any other place inhabited or attended by any person or persons at any time, either day or night, shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction therefor, shall suffer punishment by imprisonment for life in the State Penitentiary, or for a period of time of not less than five (5) years, at the discretion of the court, or the jury trying the same.

Upon conviction therefor, any person guilty of three separate and distinct felonies, in violation of this section shall suffer punishment by imprisonment for life in the State Penitentiary, or for a period of time of not less than ten (10) years, and it is mandatory upon the court to impose no less than the minimum sentence of ten (10) years. The sentence imposed upon such person shall not be reduced to less than ten (10) calendar years, nor suspended, nor shall any person be eligible for probation or parole or receive any deduction from his sentence for good conduct until he shall have served ten (10) calendar years of such sentence.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1923, c. 85, p. 150, § 1; Laws 1925, c. 44, p. 71, § 1; Laws 1973, c. 76, § 1, emerg. eff. April 30, 1973; Laws 1982, c. 173, § 2, emerg. eff. April 16, 1982; Laws 1997, c. 133, § 243, eff. July 1, 1999; Laws 1999, 1st Ex.Sess., c. 5, § 147, eff. July 1, 1999.

Current with emergency effective provisions through Chapter 213 of the First Regular Session of the 54th Legislature (2013)

W.S.A. 943.87

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Wisconsin Statutes Annotated Currentness

Crimes (Ch. 938 to 951)

Chapter 943. Crimes Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Subchapter IV. Crimes Against Financial Institutions

943.87. Robbery of a financial institution

Whoever by use of force or threat to use imminent force takes from an individual or in the presence of an individual money or property that is owned by or under the custody or control of a financial institution is guilty of Class C felony.

<<For credits, see Historical Note field.>>

Current through 2013 Wisconsin Act 13, published 05/18/2013.

W.S.A. 943.88

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Wisconsin Statutes Annotated Currentness

Crimes (Ch. 938 to 951)

Chapter 943. Crimes Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Subchapter IV. Crimes Against Financial Institutions

943.88. Organizer of financial crimes

Whoever commits 3 or more financial crimes within an 18-month period is guilty of a Class E felony if all of the following conditions apply:

(1) Each of the crimes is committed in concert with a person whom the actor supervises, organizes, finances, or manages. The person need not be the same for each of the crimes.

(2) At least one of the crimes is committed on or after April 11, 2006.

<<For credits, see Historical Note field.>>

Current through 2013 Wisconsin Act 13, published 05/18/2013.

V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 29.01

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Currentness

Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Title 7. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 29. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 29.01. Definitions

In this chapter:

(1) “In the course of committing theft” means conduct that occurs in an attempt to commit, during the commission, or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission of theft.

(2) “Property” means:

(A) tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or

(B) a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

Current through Chapters effective immediately through Chapter 36 of the 2013 Regular Session of the 83rd Legislature

V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 29.02

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Currentness

Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Title 7. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 29. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 29.02. Robbery

(a) A person commits an offense if, in the course of committing theft as defined in Chapter 31 and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property, he:

(1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; or

(2) intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death.

(b) An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

Current through Chapters effective immediately through Chapter 36 of the 2013 Regular Session of the 83rd Legislature

V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 29.03

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Currentness

Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Title 7. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 29. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 29.03. Aggravated Robbery

(a) A person commits an offense if he commits robbery as defined in Section 29.02, and he:

(1) causes serious bodily injury to another;

(2) uses or exhibits a deadly weapon; or

(3) causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, if the other person is:

(A) 65 years of age or older; or

(B) a disabled person.

(b) An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.

(c) In this section, “disabled person” means an individual with a mental, physical, or developmental disability who is substantially unable to protect himself from harm.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 357, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, § 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

Current through Chapters effective immediately through Chapter 36 of the 2013 Regular Session of the 83rd Legislature

RS § 708-840

West's Hawai‘i Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Division 5. Crimes and Criminal Proceedings

Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code

Chapter 708. Offenses Against Property Rights

Part V. Robbery

§ 708-840. Robbery in the first degree

(1) A person commits the offense of robbery in the first degree if, in the course of committing theft or non-consensual taking of a motor vehicle:

(a) The person attempts to kill another or intentionally or knowingly inflicts or attempts to inflict serious bodily injury upon another;

(b) The person is armed with a dangerous instrument and:

(i) The person uses force against the person of anyone present with intent to overcome that person's physical resistance or physical power of resistance; or

(ii) The person threatens the imminent use of force against the person of anyone present with intent to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property;

(c) The person uses force against the person of anyone present with the intent to overcome that person's physical resistance or physical power of resistance during the time of a civil defense emergency proclaimed by the governor pursuant to chapter 128, within the area covered by the civil defense emergency or during the period of disaster relief under chapter 127; or

(d) The person threatens the imminent use of force against the person of anyone present with intent to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property during the time of a civil defense emergency proclaimed by the governor pursuant to chapter 128, within the area covered by the civil defense emergency or during the period of disaster relief under chapter 127.

(2) As used in this section, “dangerous instrument” means any firearm, whether loaded or not, and whether operable or not, or other weapon, device, instrument, material, or substance, whether animate or inanimate, which in the manner it is used or threatened to be used is capable of producing death or serious bodily injury.

(3) Robbery in the first degree is a class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1972, ch. 9, § 1; Laws 1983, ch. 68, § 1; Laws 1984, ch. 90, § 1; Laws 1986, ch. 314, § 68; Laws 1998, ch. 68, § 1; Laws 2006, ch. 116, § 7; Laws 2006, ch. 230, § 41.

Current with amendments through Act 5 of the 2013 Regular Session. For research tips related to newly added material, see Scope.

HRS § 708-841

West's Hawai‘i Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Division 5. Crimes and Criminal Proceedings

Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code

Chapter 708. Offenses Against Property Rights

Part V. Robbery

§ 708-841. Robbery in the second degree

(1) A person commits the offense of robbery in the second degree if, in the course of committing theft or non-consensual taking of a motor vehicle:

(a) The person uses force against the person of anyone present with the intent to overcome that person's physical resistance or physical power of resistance;

(b) The person threatens the imminent use of force against the person of anyone who is present with intent to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property; or

(c) The person recklessly inflicts serious bodily injury upon another.

(2) Robbery in the second degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1972, ch. 9, § 1; Laws 1983, ch. 68, § 2; Laws 1984, ch. 90, § 1; Laws 1986, ch. 314, § 69; Laws 2006, ch. 230, § 42.

Current with amendments through Act 5 of the 2013 Regular Session. For research tips related to newly added material, see Scope.

HRS § 708-842

West's Hawai‘i Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Division 5. Crimes and Criminal Proceedings

Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code

Chapter 708. Offenses Against Property Rights

Part V. Robbery

§ 708-842. Robbery; “in the course of committing a theft”

An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing a theft or non-consensual taking of a motor vehicle” if it occurs in an attempt to commit theft or non-consensual taking of a motor vehicle, in the commission of theft or non-consensual taking of a motor vehicle, or in the flight after the attempt or commission.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1972, ch. 9, § 1; Laws 2006, ch. 230, § 43.

Current with amendments through Act 5 of the 2013 Regular Session. For research tips related to newly added material, see Scope.

Effective: July 22, 2011

West's Revised Code of Washington Annotated Currentness

Title 9A. Washington Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 9A.56. Theft and Robbery (Refs & Annos)

9A.56.190. Robbery--Definition

A person commits robbery when he or she unlawfully takes personal property from the person of another or in his or her presence against his or her will by the use or threatened use of immediate force, violence, or fear of injury to that person or his or her property or the person or property of anyone. Such force or fear must be used to obtain or retain possession of the property, or to prevent or overcome resistance to the taking; in either of which cases the degree of force is immaterial. Such taking constitutes robbery whenever it appears that, although the taking was fully completed without the knowledge of the person from whom taken, such knowledge was prevented by the use of force or fear.

CREDIT(S)

[2011 c 336 § 379, eff. July 22, 2011; 1975 1st ex.s. c 260 § 9A.56.190.]

Current with 2013 Legislation effective through June 7, 2013

West's RCWA 9A.56.200

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Revised Code of Washington Annotated Currentness

Title 9A. Washington Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 9A.56. Theft and Robbery (Refs & Annos)

9A.56.200. Robbery in the first degree

(1) A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree if:

(a) In the commission of a robbery or of immediate flight therefrom, he or she:

(i) Is armed with a deadly weapon; or

(ii) Displays what appears to be a firearm or other deadly weapon; or

(iii) Inflicts bodily injury; or

(b) He or she commits a robbery within and against a financial institution as defined in RCW 7.88.010 or 35.38.060.

(2) Robbery in the first degree is a class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

[2002 c 85 § 1; 1975 1st ex.s. c 260 § 9A.56.200.]

Current with 2013 Legislation effective through June 7, 2013

West's RCWA 9A.56.210

Effective: July 22, 2011

West's Revised Code of Washington Annotated Currentness

Title 9A. Washington Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 9A.56. Theft and Robbery (Refs & Annos)

9A.56.210. Robbery in the second degree

(1) A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree if he or she commits robbery.

(2) Robbery in the second degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

[2011 c 336 § 380, eff. July 22, 2011; 1975 1st ex.s. c 260 § 9A.56.210.]

U.C.A. 1953 § 76-6-301

West's Utah Code Annotated Currentness

Title 76. Utah Criminal Code

Chapter 6. Offenses Against Property

Part 3. Robbery

§ 76-6-301. Robbery

(1) A person commits robbery if:

(a) the person unlawfully and intentionally takes or attempts to take personal property in the possession of another from his person, or immediate presence, against his will, by means of force or fear, and with a purpose or intent to deprive the person permanently or temporarily of the personal property; or

(b) the person intentionally or knowingly uses force or fear of immediate force against another in the course of committing a theft or wrongful appropriation.

(2) An act is considered to be “in the course of committing a theft or wrongful appropriation“ if it occurs:

(a) in the course of an attempt to commit theft or wrongful appropriation;

(b) in the commission of theft or wrongful appropriation; or

(c) in the immediate flight after the attempt or commission.

(3) Robbery is a felony of the second degree.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1973, c. 196, § 76-6-301; Laws 1995, c. 222, § 1, eff. May 1, 1995; Laws 2004, c. 112, § 1, eff. May 3, 2004.

Current through 2012 Fourth Special Session.

U.C.A. 1953 § 76-6-302

West's Utah Code Annotated Currentness

Title 76. Utah Criminal Code

Chapter 6. Offenses Against Property

Part 3. Robbery

§ 76-6-302. Aggravated robbery

(1) A person commits aggravated robbery if in the course of committing robbery, he:

(a) uses or threatens to use a dangerous weapon as defined in Section 76-1-601;

(b) causes serious bodily injury upon another; or

(c) takes or attempts to take an operable motor vehicle.

(2) Aggravated robbery is a first degree felony.

(3) For the purposes of this part, an act shall be considered to be “in the course of committing a robbery” if it occurs in an attempt to commit, during the commission of, or in the immediate flight after the attempt or commission of a robbery.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1973, c. 196, § 76-6-302; Laws 1975, c. 51, § 1; Laws 1989, c. 170, § 7; Laws 1994, c. 271, § 1; Laws 2003, c. 62, § 1, eff. May 5, 2003.

Current through 2012 Fourth Special Session.

VA Code Ann. § 18.2-58

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Virginia Currentness

Title 18.2. Crimes and Offenses Generally (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 4. Crimes Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18.2-58. How punished

If any person commit robbery by partial strangulation, or suffocation, or by striking or beating, or by other violence to the person, or by assault or otherwise putting a person in fear of serious bodily harm, or by the threat or presenting of firearms, or other deadly weapon or instrumentality whatsoever, he shall be guilty of a felony and shall be punished by confinement in a state correctional facility for life or any term not less than five years.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1975, c. 14; Acts 1975, c. 15; Acts 1975, c. 605; Acts 1978, c. 608.

Current through End of the 2012 Reg. Sess. and 2012 Sp. S. I. and include 2013 Reg. Sess. cc. 2 and 3

VA Code Ann. § 18.2-58.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Virginia Currentness

Title 18.2. Crimes and Offenses Generally (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 4. Crimes Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18.2-58.1. Carjacking; penalty

A. Any person who commits carjacking, as herein defined, shall be guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for life or a term not less than fifteen years.

B. As used in this section, “carjacking” means the intentional seizure or seizure of control of a motor vehicle of another with intent to permanently or temporarily deprive another in possession or control of the vehicle of that possession or control by means of partial strangulation, or suffocation, or by striking or beating, or by other violence to the person, or by assault or otherwise putting a person in fear of serious bodily harm, or by the threat or presenting of firearms, or other deadly weapon or instrumentality whatsoever. “Motor vehicle” shall have the same meaning as set forth in § 46.2-100.

C. The provisions of this section shall not preclude the applicability of any other provision of the criminal law of the Commonwealth which may apply to any course of conduct which violates this section.

CREDIT(S)

Acts 1993, c. 500.

Current through End of the 2012 Reg. Sess. and 2012 Sp. S. I. and include 2013 Reg. Sess. cc. 2 and 3

A.C.A. T. 5, Subt. 2, Ch. 12, Refs & Annos

West's Arkansas Code Annotated Currentness

Title 5. Criminal Offenses

Subtitle 2. Offenses Against the Person (Chapters 10 to 24)

Chapter 12. Robbery

Current through 2012 Fiscal Sess. and 11/6/2012 election, including changes made by Ark. Code Rev. Comm. received through 11/1/2012, and emerg. eff. acts from 2013 Reg. Sess.: 7, 38, 39, 40, 41, 67, 109, 111, 135, 136, 139, 145, 147, 153, 169, 171, 176, 210, 234, 276, 282, 290, 304, 308, 315, 332, 336, 350, 378, 427, 442, 457, 458, 461, 500, 504, 512, 521, 522, 528, 539, 556, 557, 575, 600 to 602, 713, 747, 969, 990, 999, 1018, 1042, 1065, 1081, 1093, 1095, 1100, 1109, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1184, 1227, 1241, 1271, 1302, 1311, 1315, 1334, 1405, 1413, 1444, 1497, 1498, 1500.

A.C.A. § 5-12-101

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Arkansas Code Annotated Currentness

Title 5. Criminal Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 2. Offenses Against the Person (Chapters 10 to 24)

Chapter 12. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 5-12-101. Physical force, defined

As used in this chapter, “physical force” means any:

(1) Bodily impact, restraint, or confinement; or

(2) Threat of any bodily impact, restraint, or confinement.

CREDIT(S)

Acts of 1975, Act 280, § 2101.

Formerly A.S.A. 1947, § 41-2101.

Current through 2012 Fiscal Sess. and 11/6/2012 election, including changes made by Ark. Code Rev. Comm. received through 11/1/2012, and emerg. eff. acts from 2013 Reg. Sess.: 7, 38, 39, 40, 41, 67, 109, 111, 135, 136, 139, 145, 147, 153, 169, 171, 176, 210, 234, 276, 282, 290, 304, 308, 315, 332, 336, 350, 378, 427, 442, 457, 458, 461, 500, 504, 512, 521, 522, 528, 539, 556, 557, 575, 600 to 602, 713, 747, 969, 990, 999, 1018, 1042, 1065, 1081, 1093, 1095, 1100, 1109, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1184, 1227, 1241, 1271, 1302, 1311, 1315, 1334, 1405, 1413, 1444, 1497, 1498, 1500.

A.C.A. § 5-12-102

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Arkansas Code Annotated Currentness

Title 5. Criminal Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 2. Offenses Against the Person (Chapters 10 to 24)

Chapter 12. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 5-12-102. Robbery, defined

(a) A person commits robbery if, with the purpose of committing a felony or misdemeanor theft or resisting apprehension immediately after committing a felony or misdemeanor theft, the person employs or threatens to immediately employ physical force upon another person.

(b) Robbery is a Class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

Acts of 1975, Act 280, § 2103; Acts of 1987, Act 934, § 1.

Formerly A.S.A. 1947, § 41-2103.

Current through 2012 Fiscal Sess. and 11/6/2012 election, including changes made by Ark. Code Rev. Comm. received through 11/1/2012, and emerg. eff. acts from 2013 Reg. Sess.: 7, 38, 39, 40, 41, 67, 109, 111, 135, 136, 139, 145, 147, 153, 169, 171, 176, 210, 234, 276, 282, 290, 304, 308, 315, 332, 336, 350, 378, 427, 442, 457, 458, 461, 500, 504, 512, 521, 522, 528, 539, 556, 557, 575, 600 to 602, 713, 747, 969, 990, 999, 1018, 1042, 1065, 1081, 1093, 1095, 1100, 1109, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1184, 1227, 1241, 1271, 1302, 1311, 1315, 1334, 1405, 1413, 1444, 1497, 1498, 1500.

A.C.A. § 5-12-103

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Arkansas Code Annotated Currentness

Title 5. Criminal Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 2. Offenses Against the Person (Chapters 10 to 24)

Chapter 12. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 5-12-103. Aggravated robbery

(a) A person commits aggravated robbery if he or she commits robbery as defined in § 5-12-102, and the person:

(1) Is armed with a deadly weapon;

(2) Represents by word or conduct that he or she is armed with a deadly weapon; or

(3) Inflicts or attempts to inflict death or serious physical injury upon another person.

(b) Aggravated robbery is a Class Y felony.

CREDIT(S)

Acts of 1975, Act 280, § 2102; Acts of 1979, Act 1118, § 1; Acts of 1981, Act 620, § 13; Acts of 1995, Act 1296, § 2.

Formerly A.S.A. 1947, § 41-2102.

Current through 2012 Fiscal Sess. and 11/6/2012 election, including changes made by Ark. Code Rev. Comm. received through 11/1/2012, and emerg. eff. acts from 2013 Reg. Sess.: 7, 38, 39, 40, 41, 67, 109, 111, 135, 136, 139, 145, 147, 153, 169, 171, 176, 210, 234, 276, 282, 290, 304, 308, 315, 332, 336, 350, 378, 427, 442, 457, 458, 461, 500, 504, 512, 521, 522, 528, 539, 556, 557, 575, 600 to 602, 713, 747, 969, 990, 999, 1018, 1042, 1065, 1081, 1093, 1095, 1100, 1109, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1184, 1227, 1241, 1271, 1302, 1311, 1315, 1334, 1405, 1413, 1444, 1497, 1498, 1500.

A.C.A. T. 5, Subt. 2, Ch. 13, Refs & Annos

West's Arkansas Code Annotated Currentness

Title 5. Criminal Offenses

Subtitle 2. Offenses Against the Person (Chapters 10 to 24)

Chapter 13. Assault and Battery

Current through 2012 Fiscal Sess. and 11/6/2012 election, including changes made by Ark. Code Rev. Comm. received through 11/1/2012, and emerg. eff. acts from 2013 Reg. Sess.: 7, 38, 39, 40, 41, 67, 109, 111, 135, 136, 139, 145, 147, 153, 169, 171, 176, 210, 234, 276, 282, 290, 304, 308, 315, 332, 336, 350, 378, 427, 442, 457, 458, 461, 500, 504, 512, 521, 522, 528, 539, 556, 557, 575, 600 to 602, 713, 747, 969, 990, 999, 1018, 1042, 1065, 1081, 1093, 1095, 1100, 1109, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1184, 1227, 1241, 1271, 1302, 1311, 1315, 1334, 1405, 1413, 1444, 1497, 1498, 1500.

O.R.S. § 164.395

West's Oregon Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 164. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Robbery (Refs & Annos)

164.395. Robbery in the third degree

(1) A person commits the crime of robbery in the third degree if in the course of committing or attempting to commit theft or unauthorized use of a vehicle as defined in ORS 164.135 the person uses or threatens the immediate use of physical force upon another person with the intent of:

(a) Preventing or overcoming resistance to the taking of the property or to retention thereof immediately after the taking; or

(b) Compelling the owner of such property or another person to deliver the property or to engage in other conduct which might aid in the commission of the theft or unauthorized use of a vehicle.

(2) Robbery in the third degree is a Class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1971, c. 743, § 148; Laws 2003, c. 357, § 1.

Current with emergency legislation through Ch. 191 of the 2013 Reg. Sess. Revisions to Acts made by the Oregon Reviser were unavailable at the time of publication.

O.R.S. § 164.405

West's Oregon Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 164. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Robbery (Refs & Annos)

164.405. Robbery in the second degree

(1) A person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree if the person violates ORS 164.395 and the person:

(a) Represents by word or conduct that the person is armed with what purports to be a dangerous or deadly weapon; or

(b) Is aided by another person actually present.

(2) Robbery in the second degree is a Class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1971, c. 743, § 149.

Current with emergency legislation through Ch. 191 of the 2013 Reg. Sess. Revisions to Acts made by the Oregon Reviser were unavailable at the time of publication.

O.R.S. § 164.410

West's Oregon Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 164. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Robbery (Refs & Annos)

164.410. Repealed by Laws 1971, c. 743, § 432

Current with emergency legislation through Ch. 191 of the 2013 Reg. Sess. Revisions to Acts made by the Oregon Reviser were unavailable at the time of publication.

O.R.S. § 164.415

West's Oregon Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 164. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Robbery (Refs & Annos)

164.415. Robbery in the first degree

(1) A person commits the crime of robbery in the first degree if the person violates ORS 164.395 and the person:

(a) Is armed with a deadly weapon;

(b) Uses or attempts to use a dangerous weapon; or

(c) Causes or attempts to cause serious physical injury to any person.

(2) Robbery in the first degree is a Class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1971, c. 743, § 150; Laws 2007, c. 71, § 51, eff. Jan. 1, 2008.

Current with emergency legislation through Ch. 191 of the 2013 Reg. Sess. Revisions to Acts made by the Oregon Reviser were unavailable at the time of publication.

W.S.A. 943.32

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Wisconsin Statutes Annotated Currentness

Crimes (Ch. 938 to 951)

Chapter 943. Crimes Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Subchapter III. Misappropriation

943.32. Robbery

(1) Whoever, with intent to steal, takes property from the person or presence of the owner by either of the following means is guilty of a Class E felony:

(a) By using force against the person of the owner with intent thereby to overcome his or her physical resistance or physical power of resistance to the taking or carrying away of the property; or

(b) By threatening the imminent use of force against the person of the owner or of another who is present with intent thereby to compel the owner to acquiesce in the taking or carrying away of the property.

(2) Whoever violates sub. (1) by use or threat of use of a dangerous weapon, a device or container described under s. 941.26(4)(a) or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim reasonably to believe that it is a dangerous weapon or such a device or container is guilty of a Class C felony.

(3) In this section “owner” means a person in possession of property whether the person's possession is lawful or unlawful.

<<For credits, see Historical Note field.>>

Current through 2013 Wisconsin Act 13, published 05/18/2013.

SDCL T. 22, Ch. 22-30, Refs & Annos

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes

Chapter 22-30. Robbery

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-1

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-1. Robbery defined

Robbery is the intentional taking of personal property, regardless of value, in the possession of another from the other's person or immediate presence, and against the other's will, accomplished by means of force or fear of force, unless the property is taken pursuant to law or process of law.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2601; SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-1, 1978, ch 158, § 11; SL 2005, ch 120, § 24.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-2

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-2. Requisite force or fear--Force or fear to escape--Degree of force immaterial

To constitute robbery, force or fear of force must be employed either to obtain or retain possession of the property or to prevent or overcome resistance to the taking. If employed merely as a means of escape, it does not constitute robbery. The degree of force employed to constitute robbery is immaterial.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2602; SL 2005, ch 120, § 25.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-3

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-3. Fear of force necessary to robbery

The fear of force which constitutes an element of the offense of robbery may be either:

(1) The fear of an injury, immediate or future, to the person or property of the person robbed, or of any relative or family member of the person robbed; or

(2) The fear of an immediate injury to the person or property of anyone in the company of the person robbed at the time of the robbery.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2602; SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-2; SL 2005, ch 120, § 26.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-4

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-4. Taking without knowledge of victim not robbery

The taking of property from the person of another or in the immediate presence of the person is not robbery if it clearly appears that the taking was fully completed without the person's knowledge.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2601; SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-3; SL 2005, ch 120, § 27.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-5

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-5. Repealed by SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-5

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-6

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-6. Degrees of robbery

Robbery, if accomplished by the use of a dangerous weapon, or by the use of a physical object simulating a dangerous weapon, is robbery in the first degree. Robbery, if accomplished in any other manner, is robbery in the second degree.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2603; SL 2005, ch 120, § 28; SL 2007, ch 146, § 1.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-7

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-7. Felony classes of robbery

Robbery in the first degree is a Class 2 felony. Robbery in the second degree is a Class 4 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Source: SDC 1939, § 13.2603; SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-4.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-8

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-8 to 22-30-10. Repealed by SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-5

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-9

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-8 to 22-30-10. Repealed by SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-5

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-10

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-8 to 22-30-10. Repealed by SL 1976, ch 158, § 30-5

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

SDCL § 22-30-11

 

South Dakota Codified Laws Currentness

Title 22. Crimes (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22-30. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

22-30-11. Repealed by SL 2005, ch 120, § 29, eff. July 1, 2006

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session, 2012 general election results, and Supreme Court Rule 12-10

I.C.A. T. XVI, Subt. 1, Ch. 711, Refs & Annos

Iowa Code Annotated Currentness

Title XVI. Criminal Law and Procedure [Chs. 687-915]

Subtitle 1. Crime Control and Criminal Acts [Chs. 687-747]

Chapter 711. Robbery and Extortion

Current with immediately effective legislation signed as of 5/21/2013 from the 2013 Reg.Sess.

I.C.A. § 711.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Iowa Code Annotated Currentness

Title XVI. Criminal Law and Procedure [Chs. 687-915] (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 1. Crime Control and Criminal Acts [Chs. 687-747] (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 711. Robbery and Extortion (Refs & Annos)

711.1. Robbery defined

A person commits a robbery when, having the intent to commit a theft, the person does any of the following acts to assist or further the commission of the intended theft or the person's escape from the scene thereof with or without the stolen property:

1. Commits an assault upon another.

2. Threatens another with or purposely puts another in fear of immediate serious injury.

3. Threatens to commit immediately any forcible felony.

It is immaterial to the question of guilt or innocence of robbery that property was or was not actually stolen.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1976 (66 G.A.) ch. 1245 (ch. 1), § 1101, eff. Jan. 1, 1978.

Current with immediately effective legislation signed as of 5/21/2013 from the 2013 Reg.Sess.

I.C.A. § 711.2

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Iowa Code Annotated Currentness

Title XVI. Criminal Law and Procedure [Chs. 687-915] (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 1. Crime Control and Criminal Acts [Chs. 687-747] (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 711. Robbery and Extortion (Refs & Annos)

711.2. Robbery in the first degree

A person commits robbery in the first degree when, while perpetrating a robbery, the person purposely inflicts or attempts to inflict serious injury, or is armed with a dangerous weapon. Robbery in the first degree is a class “B” felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1976 (66 G.A.) ch. 1245 (ch. 1), § 1102, eff. Jan. 1, 1978.

Current with immediately effective legislation signed as of 5/21/2013 from the 2013 Reg.Sess.

I.C.A. § 711.3

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Iowa Code Annotated Currentness

Title XVI. Criminal Law and Procedure [Chs. 687-915] (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 1. Crime Control and Criminal Acts [Chs. 687-747] (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 711. Robbery and Extortion (Refs & Annos)

711.3. Robbery in the second degree

All robbery which is not robbery in the first degree is robbery in the second degree. Robbery in the second degree is a class “C” felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1976 (66 G.A.) ch. 1245 (ch. 1), § 1103, eff. Jan. 1, 1978.

Current with immediately effective legislation signed as of 5/21/2013 from the 2013 Reg.Sess.

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 64. Armed robbery

A. Armed robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to another from the person of another or that is in the immediate control of another, by use of force or intimidation, while armed with a dangerous weapon.

B. Whoever commits the crime of armed robbery shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than ten years and for not more than ninety-nine years, without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence.

 CREDIT(S)

Amended by Acts 1958, No. 380, § 1; Acts 1962, No. 475, § 1; Acts 1966, Ex.Sess., No. 5, § 1; Acts 1983, No. 70, § 1; Acts 1999, No. 932, § 1, eff. July 9, 1999.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:64.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 64.1. First degree robbery

A. First degree robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to another from the person of another, or that is in the immediate control of another, by use of force or intimidation, when the offender leads the victim to reasonably believe he is armed with a dangerous weapon.

B. Whoever commits the crime of first degree robbery shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than three years and for not more than forty years, without benefit of parole, probation or suspension of imposition or execution of sentence.

 CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1983, No. 533, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:64.2

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 64.2. Carjacking

A. Carjacking is the intentional taking of a motor vehicle, as defined in R.S. 32:1(40), belonging to another person, in the presence of that person, or in the presence of a passenger, or any other person in lawful possession of the motor vehicle, by the use of force or intimidation.

B. Whoever commits the crime of carjacking shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than two years and for not more than twenty years, without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence.

 CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1993, No. 488, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:64.3

Effective: August 15, 2006

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 64.3. Armed robbery; attempted armed robbery; use of firearm; additional penalty

A. When the dangerous weapon used in the commission of the crime of armed robbery is a firearm, the offender shall be imprisoned at hard labor for an additional period of five years without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. The additional penalty imposed pursuant to this Subsection shall be served consecutively to the sentence imposed under the provisions of R.S. 14:64.

B. When the dangerous weapon used in the commission of the crime of attempted armed robbery is a firearm, the offender shall be imprisoned at hard labor for an additional period of five years without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. The additional penalty imposed pursuant to this Subsection shall be served consecutively to the sentence imposed under the provisions of R.S. 14:27 and 64.

 CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1999, No. 932, § 1, eff. July 9, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, No. 679, § 1; Acts 2006, No. 208, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:64.4

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 64.4. Second degree robbery

A. (1) Second degree robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to another from the person of another or that is in the immediate control of another when the offender intentionally inflicts serious bodily injury.

(2) For purposes of this Section, “serious bodily injury” means bodily injury which involves unconsciousness, extreme physical pain or protracted and obvious disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty, or a substantial risk of death.

B. Whoever commits the crime of second degree robbery shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than three years and for not more than forty years.

 CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2001, No. 347, § 1. Amended by Acts 2004, No. 651, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:65

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 65. Simple robbery

A. Simple robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to another from the person of another or that is in the immediate control of another, by use of force or intimidation, but not armed with a dangerous weapon.

B. Whoever commits the crime of simple robbery shall be fined not more than three thousand dollars, imprisoned with or without hard labor for not more than seven years, or both.

 CREDIT(S)

Amended by Acts 1977, No. 134, § 1; Acts 1980, No. 708, § 1; Acts 1983, No. 70, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:65.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 65.1. Purse snatching

A. Purse snatching is the theft of anything of value contained within a purse or wallet at the time of the theft, from the person of another or which is in the immediate control of another, by use of force, intimidation, or by snatching, but not armed with a dangerous weapon.

B. Whoever commits the crime of purse snatching shall be imprisoned, with or without hard labor, for not less than two years and for not more than twenty years.

 CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 1979, No. 645, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:65.2

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 65.2. [Blank]

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:66

Effective: August 15, 2011

West's Louisiana Statutes Annotated Currentness

Louisiana Revised Statutes

Title 14. Criminal Law

Chapter 1. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Part III. Offenses Against Property

Subpart B. By Misappropriation with Violence to the Person

§ 66. Extortion

A. Extortion is the communication of threats to another with the intention thereby to obtain anything of value or any acquittance, advantage, or immunity of any description. Any one of the following kinds of threats shall be sufficient to constitute extortion:

(1) A threat to do any unlawful injury to the person or property of the individual threatened or of any member of his family or of any other person held dear to him.

(2) A threat to accuse the individual threatened or any member of his family or any other person held dear to him of any crime.

(3) A threat to expose or impute any deformity or disgrace to the individual threatened or to any member of his family or to any other person held dear to him.

(4) A threat to expose any secret affecting the individual threatened or any member of his family or any other person held dear to him.

(5) A threat to cause harm as retribution for participation in any legislative hearing or proceeding, administrative proceeding, or in any other legal action.

(6) A threat to do any other harm.

B. Whoever commits the crime of extortion shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than one nor more than fifteen years.

 CREDIT(S)

Amended by Acts 2011, No. 243, § 1.

Current through the 2012 Regular Session.

LSA-R.S. 14:67

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 39. Robbery

 

 

§ 11-39-1. Penalty for robbery

 

(a) Every person who shall commit: (1) robbery by use of a dangerous weapon; (2) robbery where a victim is injured; or (3) robbery where the victim is a person who is severely impaired or an elderly person; shall be guilty of first degree robbery and shall be imprisoned for not less than ten (10) years and may be imprisoned for life, or fined not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or both.

(b) Every person who shall commit robbery or other larceny from the person by force or threat, where there is no weapon and no injury and the victim is neither a severely impaired person or an elderly person, shall be guilty of second degree robbery and shall be imprisoned for not less than five (5) years nor more than thirty (30) years, or fined not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both.

(c) For the purposes of this section:

(1) “Person who is severely impaired” has the same definition as provided in 11-5-11; and

(2) “Elderly person” means a person sixty (60) years of age or older.

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P.L. 1980, ch. 94, § 1; P.L. 1991, ch. 201, § 1;P.L. 1996, ch. 153, § 1;P.L. 1999, ch. 83, § 15;P.L. 1999, ch. 130, § 15.

Codifications: G.L. 1896, ch. 277, § 4; G.L. 1909, ch. 343, § 4; G.L. 1923, ch. 395, § 4; G.L. 1938, ch. 606, § 4.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-39-2

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 39. Robbery

 

 

§ 11-39-2. Robbery of the owner, lessor, or occupant of a motor vehicle

 

(a) Every person who shall unlawfully seize a motor vehicle from its lawful owner, lessor, or occupant by use or threat of use of a dangerous weapon against the owner, lessor, or occupant resulting in serious bodily injury, as defined in § 11-5-10.2, shall be guilty of first degree robbery and shall be imprisoned for not less than ten (10) years and may be imprisoned for life, or fined not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or both. In all such cases, the justice imposing sentence shall impose a minimum sentence of ten (10) years imprisonment and may only impose a sentence less than the minimum if he or she finds that substantial and compelling circumstances exist which justify imposition of the alternative sentence. That finding may be based upon the character and background of the defendant, the cooperation of the defendant with law enforcement authorities, the nature and circumstances of the offense, and/

or the nature and quality of the evidence presented at trial. If a sentence which is less than imprisonment for a term of ten (10) years is imposed, the trial justice shall set forth on the record the circumstances which he or she found as justification for imposition of the lesser sentence. A person sentenced to prison for violation of this subsection shall not be eligible for parole until at least one-half ( 1/2) of the sentence has been served in prison.

(b) Every person who shall unlawfully seize a motor vehicle from its lawful owner, lessor, or occupant by force or threat of force against the owner, lessor, or occupant shall be guilty of second degree robbery and shall be imprisoned for not less than five (5) years nor more than thirty (30) years, or fined not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both.

(c) Every person who shall commit robbery of a motor vehicle by seizing it from its lawful owner, lessor, or occupant under the circumstances set forth in subsection (a) or (b) of this section, resulting in the death of the owner, lessor or occupant, shall be guilty of first degree murder and shall be sentenced to life imprisonment, and may be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole if ordered by the court pursuant to chapter 19.2 of title 12. A person sentenced to life imprisonment for violation of this subsection shall not be eligible for parole until at least twenty (20) years of the sentence has been served in prison.

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P.L. 1994, ch. 177, § 1.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Title 18. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Article 4. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Part 3. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18-4-301. Robbery

(1) A person who knowingly takes anything of value from the person or presence of another by the use of force, threats, or intimidation commits robbery.

(2) Robbery is a class 4 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by Laws 1977, H.B.1654, § 22.

Current with Chapters 1-4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36-39, 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 63-66, 69-72, 74-76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 98-100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, and 121

C.R.S.A. § 18-4-302

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Article 4. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Part 3. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18-4-302. Aggravated robbery

(1) A person who commits robbery is guilty of aggravated robbery if during the act of robbery or immediate flight therefrom:

(a) He is armed with a deadly weapon with intent, if resisted, to kill, maim, or wound the person robbed or any other person; or

(b) He knowingly wounds or strikes the person robbed or any other person with a deadly weapon or by the use of force, threats, or intimidation with a deadly weapon knowingly puts the person robbed or any other person in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury; or

(c) He has present a confederate, aiding or abetting the perpetration of the robbery, armed with a deadly weapon, with the intent, either on the part of the defendant or confederate, if resistance is offered, to kill, maim, or wound the person robbed or any other person, or by the use of force, threats, or intimidation puts the person robbed or any other person in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury; or

(d) He possesses any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead any person who is present reasonably to believe it to be a deadly weapon or represents verbally or otherwise that he is then and there so armed.

(2) Repealed by Laws 1989, S.B.246, § 156.

(3) Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony and is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401(10).

(4) If a defendant is convicted of aggravated robbery pursuant to paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section, the court shall sentence the defendant in accordance with the provisions of section 18-1.3-406.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by Laws 1977, H.B.1654, § 23; Laws 1986, H.B.1008, § 9; Laws 1989, S.B.246, §§ 43, 156; Laws 1990, H.B.90-1118, § 9, eff. March 27, 1990; Laws 2002, Ch. 318, § 197, eff. Oct. 1, 2002; Laws 2004, Ch. 200, § 8, eff. Aug. 4, 2004.

Current with Chapters 1-4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36-39, 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 63-66, 69-72, 74-76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 98-100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, and 121

C.R.S.A. § 18-4-303

Effective: July 1, 2012

West's Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Article 4. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Part 3. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18-4-303. Aggravated robbery of controlled substances

(1) A person who takes any controlled substance, as defined in section 18-18-102(5), from any pharmacy or other place having lawful possession thereof or from any pharmacist or other person having lawful possession thereof under the aggravating circumstances defined in section 18-4-302 is guilty of aggravated robbery of controlled substances.

(2) Aggravated robbery of controlled substances is a class 2 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by Laws 1981, H.B.1405, § 21; Laws 1981, S.B.183, § 11; Laws 2012, Ch. 281, § 43, eff. July 1, 2012.

Current with Chapters 1-4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36-39, 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 63-66, 69-72, 74-76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 98-100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, and 121

C.R.S.A. § 18-4-304

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Article 4. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Part 3. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18-4-304. Repealed by Laws 1993, H.B.93-1088, § 42, eff. July 1, 1993

Current with Chapters 1-4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36-39, 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 63-66, 69-72, 74-76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 98-100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, and 121

C.R.S.A. § 18-4-305

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Article 4. Offenses Against Property (Refs & Annos)

Part 3. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 18-4-305. Use of photographs, video tapes, or films of property

Pursuant to section 13-25-130, C.R.S., photographs, video tapes, or films of property over which a person is alleged to have exerted unauthorized control or otherwise to have obtained unlawfully are competent evidence if the photographs, video tapes, or films are admissible into evidence under the rules of law governing the admissibility of photographs, video tapes, or films into evidence.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1985, H.B.1303, § 2.

Current with Chapters 1-4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 28, 34, 36-39, 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 63-66, 69-72, 74-76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95, 98-100, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, and 121

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery.

 

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-40

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery. (Refs & Annos)

§ 13A-8-40. Definitions.

(a) The definitions contained in Section 13A-8-1 are applicable to this article unless the context otherwise requires.

(b) “In the course of committing a theft” embraces acts which occur in an attempt to commit or the commission of theft, or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, § 3301.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-41

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery. (Refs & Annos)

§ 13A-8-41. Robbery in the first degree.

(a) A person commits the crime of robbery in the first degree if he violates Section 13A-8-43 and he:

(1) Is armed with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument; or

(2) Causes serious physical injury to another.

(b) Possession then and there of an article used or fashioned in a manner to lead any person who is present reasonably to believe it to be a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or any verbal or other representation by the defendant that he is then and there so armed, is prima facie evidence under subsection (a) of this section that he was so armed.

(c) Robbery in the first degree is a Class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, § 3305.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-42

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery. (Refs & Annos)

§ 13A-8-42. Robbery in the second degree.

(a) A person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree if he violates Section 13A-8-43 and he is aided by another person actually present.

(b) Robbery in the second degree is a Class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, § 3306.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-43

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery. (Refs & Annos)

§ 13A-8-43. Robbery in the third degree.

(a) A person commits the crime of robbery in the third degree if in the course of committing a theft he:

(1) Uses force against the person of the owner or any person present with intent to overcome his physical resistance or physical power of resistance; or

(2) Threatens the imminent use of force against the person of the owner or any person present with intent to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property.

(b) Robbery in the third degree is a Class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, § 3307.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-44

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2. . Robbery. (Refs & Annos)

§ 13A-8-44. Claim of right not defense in robbery prosecution.

No person may submit in defense against a prosecution for robbery in any of its degrees that there was no theft because the taking was under a claim of right. Claim of right is not a defense under this article.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1977, No. 607, p. 812, § 3310.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-50

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2A. . Pharmacy Robbery.

§ 13A-8-50. Short title.

This article shall be known and cited as “The Pharmacy Robbery Act of 1982.”

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1982, No. 82-434, § 1.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-51

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2A. . Pharmacy Robbery.

§ 13A-8-51. Definitions.

When used in this article, the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings, respectively, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

(1) PHARMACY.Any building, warehouse, physician's office, hospital, pharmaceutical house or other structure used in whole or in part for the sale, storage and/

or dispensing of any controlled substance as defined in Section 20-2-2 as amended.

(2) PHARMACY ROBBERY. A person commits the offense of “pharmacy robbery” under this article if in the course of committing a theft of any controlled substance as defined in Section 20-2-2 such person violates Section 13A-8-41.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1982, No. 82-434, § 2.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

Ala.Code 1975 § 13A-8-52

 

Code of Alabama Currentness

Title 13A. Criminal Code. (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft.

Article 2A. . Pharmacy Robbery.

§ 13A-8-52. Penalty for violation of article.

(a) Upon conviction of the criminal offense of “pharmacy robbery” as defined in Section 13A-8-51(2), the offender shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than 10 years nor more than 99 years and shall be ineligible for consideration for parole, probation or suspension of sentence.

(b) On a second or subsequent conviction under this article, the offender shall be imprisoned for the remainder of his natural life and shall be ineligible for consideration for parole, probation or suspension of sentence.

CREDIT(S)

(Acts 1982, No. 82-434, § 3.)

Current through Act 2013-172 of the 2013 Regular Session.

I.C. § 18-6501

West's Idaho Code Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 65. Robbery

§ 18-6501. Robbery defined

Robbery is the felonious taking of personal property in the possession of another, from his person or immediate presence, and against his will, accomplished by means of force or fear.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1972, ch. 336, § 1.

Current through (2013) Chs. 1, 2, 4, 17, 20, 22, 39, 40, 41, 47, 55, 62, 67, 82, 83, 96, 97, 109, 112, 113, 135, 140, 147, 155, 170, 179, 180, 184, 225, 239, 243, 253, 261, 263, 271, 272, 276, 294, 329, 330, 332, 334, 337, 340, 345, 353 that are effective on or before July 1, 2013

I.C. § 18-6502

West's Idaho Code Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 65. Robbery

§ 18-6502. Fear which constitutes robbery

The fear which constitutes robbery may be either:

1. The fear of an unlawful injury to the person or property of the person robbed, or of any relative of his, or member of his family; or,

2. The fear of an immediate and unlawful injury to the person or property of any one in the company of the person robbed at the time of the robbery.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1972, ch. 336, § 1.

Current through (2013) Chs. 1, 2, 4, 17, 20, 22, 39, 40, 41, 47, 55, 62, 67, 82, 83, 96, 97, 109, 112, 113, 135, 140, 147, 155, 170, 179, 180, 184, 225, 239, 243, 253, 261, 263, 271, 272, 276, 294, 329, 330, 332, 334, 337, 340, 345, 353 that are effective on or before July 1, 2013

I.C. § 18-6503

West's Idaho Code Annotated Currentness

Title 18. Crimes and Punishments

Chapter 65. Robbery

§ 18-6503. Punishment for robbery

Robbery is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than five (5) years, and the imprisonment may be extended to life.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1972, ch. 336, § 1.

Current through (2013) Chs. 1, 2, 4, 17, 20, 22, 39, 40, 41, 47, 55, 62, 67, 82, 83, 96, 97, 109, 112, 113, 135, 140, 147, 155, 170, 179, 180, 184, 225, 239, 243, 253, 261, 263, 271, 272, 276, 294, 329, 330, 332, 334, 337, 340, 345, 353 that are effective on or before July 1, 2013

I.C.A. § 711.5

Effective: July 1, 2010

Iowa Code Annotated Currentness

Title XVI. Criminal Law and Procedure [Chs. 687-915] (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 1. Crime Control and Criminal Acts [Chs. 687-747] (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 711. Robbery and Extortion (Refs & Annos)

711.5. Chapter--application

This chapter does not apply if section 714.3A applies.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2010 (83 G.A.) ch. 1125, S.F. 2250, § 1.

Current with immediately effective legislation signed as of 5/21/2013 from the 2013 Reg.Sess.

Chapter 37. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 3701. Robbery

(a) Offense defined.--

(1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he:

(i) inflicts serious bodily injury upon another;

(ii) threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear of immediate serious bodily injury;

(iii) commits or threatens immediately to commit any felony of the first or second degree;

(iv) inflicts bodily injury upon another or threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear of immediate bodily injury;

(v) physically takes or removes property from the person of another by force however slight; or

(vi) takes or removes the money of a financial institution without the permission of the financial institution by making a demand of an employee of the financial institution orally or in writing with the intent to deprive the financial institution thereof.

(2) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing a theft” if it occurs in an attempt to commit theft or in flight after the attempt or commission.

(3) For purposes of this subsection, a “financial institution” means a bank, trust company, savings trust, credit union or similar institution.

(b) Grading.--Robbery under subsection (a)(1)(iv) and (vi) is a felony of the second degree; robbery under subsection (a)(1)(v) is a felony of the third degree; otherwise, it is a felony of the first degree.

CREDIT(S)

1972, Dec. 6, P.L. 1482, No. 334, § 1, effective June 6, 1973. Amended 1976, June 24, P.L. 425, No. 102, § 1, imd. effective; 2010, March 16, P.L. 143, No. 11, § 1, effective in 60 days [May 17, 2010].

 

Current through Regular Session Act 2013-4

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3702

 

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes and Consolidated Statutes Currentness

Title 18 Pa.C.S.A. Crimes and Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part II. Definition of Specific Offenses

Article C. Offenses Against Property

Chapter 37. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 3702. Robbery of motor vehicle

(a) Offense defined.--A person commits a felony of the first degree if he steals or takes a motor vehicle from another person in the presence of that person or any other person in lawful possession of the motor vehicle.

(b) Sentencing.--The Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 2154 (relating to adoption of guidelines for sentencing), shall provide for a sentencing enhancement for an offense under this section.

CREDIT(S)

1993, June 23, P.L. 124, No. 28, § 2, imd. effective.

 

Current through Regular Session Act 2013-4

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-1. Burglary

 

Every person who shall commit burglary shall be imprisoned for life or for any term not less than five (5) years.

CREDIT(S)

Codifications: G.L. 1896, ch. 279, § 7; G.L. 1909, ch. 345, § 7; G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 7; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 7.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-1.1

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-1.1. Attempted breaking and entering

 

(a) Whoever attempts to commit the breaking and entering of any structure as set out in §§ 11-8-2, 11-8-2.1, 11-8-2.2, 11-8-2.3, 11-8-3, 11-8-4 or 11-8-5.1 by doing any overt act toward the commission of the offense while in the curtilage of the structure, but fails in its perpetration, shall, unless otherwise provided, suffer the same punishment which might have been imposed if the attempted offense had been committed.

(b) An “overt act” is defined as any act of an individual by which the individual physically attempts to gain entrance into a type of structure set forth in the sections listed in subsection (a) of this section.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1982, ch. 288, § 1; P.L. 1987, ch. 87, § 2.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-2

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-2. Unlawful breaking and entering of dwelling house

 

(a) Every person who shall break and enter at any time of the day or night any dwelling house or apartment, whether the dwelling house or apartment is occupied or not, or any outbuilding or garage attached to or adjoining any dwelling house, without the consent of the owner or tenant of the dwelling house, apartment, building, or garage, shall be imprisoned for not less than two (2) years and not more than ten (10) years for the first conviction, and for the second and subsequent conviction shall be imprisoned for not less than four (4) years and not more than fifteen (15) years, or fined not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or both.

(b) Every person convicted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be ordered to make restitution to the victim of the offense or to perform up to five hundred (500) hours of public community restitution work, or both, or any combination of them approved by the sentencing judge. The court may not waive the obligation to make restitution and/

or public community restitution work. The restitution and/or public community restitution work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence which may be imposed and not in lieu of the fine or sentence.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1928, ch. 1209, § 1; P.L. 1978, ch. 288, § 1; P.L. 1980, ch. 154, § 1; P.L. 1985, ch. 426, § 1; P.L. 1988, ch. 171, § 1.

Codifications: G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 9; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 9.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-2.1

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-2.1. Unlawful breaking and entering of dwelling with possession of instruments relating to wrongful setting of fires

 

Every person who shall break and enter, at any time of the day or night, any dwelling house or apartment, whether it is occupied or not, or any outbuilding or garage attached to or adjoining any dwelling house or apartment, without the consent of the owner or tenant of the dwelling house, apartment, building, or garage, and who shall have in his or her possession any instrument or instrumentality or equipment of any kind that is reasonably related to the wrongful setting of fires shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than three (3) years and not more than fifteen (15) years. “Possession” means in the actual or constructive control or custody of the person while in the dwelling. “Wrongful” excludes those items which are ordinarily used for the lighting of smoking paraphernalia.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1975, ch. 234, § 1; P.L. 1985, ch. 109, § 1; P.L. 1989, ch. 536, § 1.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-2.2

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-2.2. Breaking and entering of a dwelling when resident on premises

 

(a) Every person who shall break and enter into any dwelling house or apartment without the consent of the owner or tenant at a time when the resident or residents of the dwelling house or apartment are on the premises, after having been previously convicted of such an offense, shall be imprisoned for not less than one year and not more than ten (10) years and shall not be afforded the provisions of suspension or deferment of sentence nor probation and may in addition be fined not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000).

(b) Every person convicted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be ordered to make restitution to the victim of the offense, or to perform up to five hundred (500) hours of public community restitution work, or both, or any combination of them approved by the sentencing judge. The court may not waive the obligation to make restitution and/

or public community restitution work. Restitution and/or public community restitution work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence which may be imposed and not in lieu of the fine or sentence; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require the payment of restitution while the convicted person is imprisoned.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1985, ch. 426, § 2.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-2.3

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-2.3. Breaking and entering of dwelling house of persons 60 years of age or older when resident on premises

 

(a) Every person who shall break and enter any dwelling house or apartment, without the consent of the owner or tenant at a time when a resident of the dwelling house or apartment who is sixty (60) years of age or older is on the premises, shall be imprisoned for not less than four (4) years and not more than twenty (20) years for the first conviction, and for the second and subsequent convictions shall be imprisoned for not less than six (6) years and not more than twenty (20) years, and may in addition be fined not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) for a first conviction and not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) for second and subsequent convictions.

(b) Every person convicted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be ordered to make restitution to the victim of the offense, or to perform up to five hundred (500) hours of public community restitution work, or both, or any combination of them imposed by the sentencing judge. The court may not waive the obligation to make restitution and/

or public community restitution work. Restitution and/or public community restitution work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence which may be imposed and not in lieu of the fine or sentence; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require the payment of restitution while the convicted person is imprisoned.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1987, ch. 87, § 1; P.L. 1988, ch. 543, § 1.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-2.4

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-2.4. Breaking and entering of dwelling house of a person who is severely impaired

 

(a) Every person who shall break and enter any dwelling house or apartment, without the consent of the owner or tenant at a time when a resident of the dwelling house or apartment who is a person who is severely impaired as defined by the provisions of § 11-5-11 is on the premises, shall be imprisoned for not less than five (5) years and not more than twenty-five (25) years and may in addition be fined not more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) for a first conviction and not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) for second and subsequent convictions.

(b) Every person convicted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be ordered to make restitution to the victim of the offense, or to perform up to five hundred (500) hours of public community restitution work, or both, or any combination of them imposed by the sentencing judge. The court may not waive the obligation to make restitution and/

or public community restitution work. Restitution and/or public community restitution work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence which may be imposed and not in lieu of the fine or sentence; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require the payment of restitution while the convicted person is imprisoned.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1988, ch. 347, § 1; P.L. 1999, ch. 83, § 11;P.L. 1999, ch. 130, § 11; P.L. 2011, ch. 356, § 1, eff. July 13, 2011.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-3

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-3. Entry of building or ship with felonious intent

 

Every person who, with intent to commit murder, sexual assault, robbery, arson or larceny, shall enter any dwelling house or apartment at any time of the day or night, or who with such intent shall, during the daytime, enter any other building, or ship or vessel, shall be imprisoned not more than ten (10) years, or be fined not more than five hundred dollars ($500), or both.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1922, ch. 2233, § 1; P.L. 1928, ch. 1209, § 1; P.L. 1978, ch. 288, § 1; P.L. 1980, ch. 50, § 1.

Codifications: G.L. 1896, ch. 279, § 9; G.L. 1909, ch. 345, § 9; G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 9; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 9.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-4

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-4. Breaking and entering business place, public building, or ship with felonious intent

 

Every person who shall break and enter any bank, shop, office or warehouse, not adjoining to or occupied as a dwelling house, any meeting house, church, chapel, courthouse, town house, college, academy, schoolhouse, library or other building erected for public use or occupied for any public purpose, or any ship or vessel, with intent to commit murder, sexual assault, robbery or larceny, shall be imprisoned not exceeding ten (10) years.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1987, ch. 140, § 1; P.L. 1993, ch. 314, § 1.

Codifications: G.L. 1896, ch. 279, § 8; G.L. 1909, ch. 345, § 8; G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 8; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 8.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-5

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-5. Breaking and entering other buildings with criminal intent--Railroad cars--Tractor trailers

 

Every person who shall break and enter or enter in the nighttime, with intent to commit larceny or any felony or misdemeanor in it, any barn, stable, carriage house, or other building, for the breaking and entering or entering of which with that intent no punishment is otherwise prescribed by this title, and every person who shall at any time break and enter or enter any railroad car or the trailer portion of a tractor trailer or break any lock or seal on it with intent to commit larceny or other crime, shall be imprisoned not exceeding ten (10) years.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1897, ch. 454, § 1; P.L. 1908, ch. 1568, § 1; P.L. 1922, ch. 2233, § 1; P.L. 1987, ch. 533, § 1.

Codifications: G.L. 1896, ch. 279, § 10; G.L. 1909, ch. 345, § 10; G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 10; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 10.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-5.1

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-5.1. Unlawful breaking and entering of business place, public building or ship during the daytime

 

Every person who shall break and enter any bank, shop, office, or warehouse, not adjoining to or occupied as a dwelling house, any meeting house, church, chapel, courthouse, town house, college, academy, schoolhouse, library, or other building erected for public use or occupied for any purpose, or any ship or vessel during the daytime, shall be imprisoned not more than three (3) years, or fined not more than three hundred dollars ($300), or both.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1978, ch. 157, § 1.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-6

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-6. Entry to steal poultry--Arrest--Fine

 

Every person who breaks and enters, or enters in the nighttime without breaking, any building or enclosure in which are kept or confined any kind of poultry, with intent to steal any of the poultry, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years, or by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500), or both. Every person who is discovered in the act of willfully entering any building or enclosure in which are kept or confined any kind of poultry, with intent to steal any of the poultry, may be arrested without a warrant by a deputy sheriff, constable, guard, police officer, or other person and detained in jail or otherwise until a complaint can be made against him or her for the offense, and until he or she is taken on a warrant issued upon the complaint, but detention without a warrant shall not continue more than twenty-four (24) hours. One-half (   1/

2 ) of any fine imposed under this section shall inure to the complainant.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1912, ch. 853, § 1; P.L. 1915, ch. 1258, § 11; P.L. 2012, ch. 324, § 30, eff. June 20, 2012.

Codifications: G.L. 1909, ch. 345, § 26; G.L. 1923, ch. 397, § 26; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 26.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-7

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-7. Making, repairing, or possessing burglar tools

 

Whoever makes or mends, or does any work connected with the making or reparation of, or has in his or her possession any engine, machine, tool, false key, pick lock, nippers, or implement of any kind adapted and designed for cutting through, forcing, breaking open, or entering a building, room, vault, safe, or other depository, in order to steal from it money or other property, or to commit any other crime, knowing the equipment to be adapted and designed for this purpose, with intent to use or employ, or allow the equipment to be used or employed, for this purpose, shall be imprisoned not more than ten (10) years.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1896, ch. 302, § 1.

Codifications: G.L. 1909, ch. 349, § 42; G.L. 1923, ch. 401, § 42; G.L. 1938, ch. 608, § 8.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-8

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-8. Injury or death--Defense

 

In the event that any person shall die or shall sustain a personal injury in any way or for any cause while in the commission of any criminal offense enumerated in §§ 11-8-2 - 11-8-6, it shall be rebuttably presumed as a matter of law in any civil or criminal proceeding that the owner, tenant, or occupier of the place where the offense was committed acted by reasonable means in self-defense and in the reasonable belief that the person engaged in the criminal offense was about to inflict great bodily harm or death upon that person or any other individual lawfully in the place where the criminal offense was committed. There shall be no duty on the part of an owner, tenant, or occupier to retreat from any person engaged in the commission of any offense enumerated in §§ 11-8-2--11-8-6.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1976, ch. 216, § 1; P.L. 1977, ch. 17, § 1; P.L. 1984, ch. 212, § 1.

Current through chapter 491 of the January 2012 session

Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-8-9

West's General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Offenses

 

Chapter 8. Burglary and Breaking and Entering

 

 

§ 11-8-9. Aiding and abetting a minor

 

(a) Every person eighteen (18) years of age or older who shall aid, assist, abet, counsel, hire, command, or procure a person under the age of eighteen (18) years to commit any offense as set forth in this chapter shall be imprisoned for not less than four (4) years and not more than twenty (20) years and/

or fined not less than twenty-five hundred dollars ($2,500) nor more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), or both, for each such offense.

(b) Every person convicted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be ordered by the sentencing judge to perform up to one hundred (100) hours of public community restitution work. The court may not waive the obligation to perform public community restitution work. Public community restitution work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence which may be imposed and not in lieu of the fine or sentence.

CREDIT(S)

P.L. 1985, ch. 482, § 1; P.L. 1989, ch. 541, § 1; P.L. 1990, ch. 464, § 1;P.L. 1991, ch. 226, § 1.

Effective: January 1, 2013

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-1. Robbery; aggravated robbery

§ 18-1. Robbery; aggravated robbery.

(a) Robbery. A person commits robbery when he or she knowingly takes property, except a motor vehicle covered by Section 18-3 or 18-4, from the person or presence of another by the use of force or by threatening the imminent use of force.

(b) Aggravated robbery.

(1) A person commits aggravated robbery when he or she violates subsection (a) while indicating verbally or by his or her actions to the victim that he or she is presently armed with a firearm or other dangerous weapon, including a knife, club, ax, or bludgeon. This offense shall be applicable even though it is later determined that he or she had no firearm or other dangerous weapon, including a knife, club, ax, or bludgeon, in his or her possession when he or she committed the robbery.

(2) A person commits aggravated robbery when he or she knowingly takes property from the person or presence of another by delivering (by injection, inhalation, ingestion, transfer of possession, or any other means) to the victim without his or her consent, or by threat or deception, and for other than medical purposes, any controlled substance.

(c) Sentence.

Robbery is a Class 2 felony, unless the victim is 60 years of age or over or is a physically handicapped person, or the robbery is committed in a school, day care center, day care home, group day care home, or part day child care facility, or place of worship, in which case robbery is a Class 1 felony. Aggravated robbery is a Class 1 felony.

(d) Regarding penalties prescribed in subsection (c) for violations committed in a day care center, day care home, group day care home, or part day child care facility, the time of day, time of year, and whether children under 18 years of age were present in the day care center, day care home, group day care home, or part day child care facility are irrelevant.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1961, p. 1983, § 18-1, eff. Jan. 1, 1962. Amended by P.A. 77-2638, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1973; P.A. 85-691, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1988; P.A. 88-351, § 5, eff. Aug. 13, 1993; P.A. 91-360, § 5, eff. July 29, 1999; P.A. 96-556, § 5, eff. Jan. 1, 2010; P.A. 97-1108, § 10-5, eff. Jan. 1, 2013.

Formerly Ill.Rev.Stat.1991, ch. 38, ¶ 18-1.

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

720 ILCS 5/18-2

Formerly cited as IL ST CH 38 ¶ 18-2

Effective: January 1, 2000

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-2. Armed robbery

§ 18-2. Armed robbery.

(a) A person commits armed robbery when he or she violates Section 18-1; and

(1) he or she carries on or about his or her person or is otherwise armed with a dangerous weapon other than a firearm; or

(2) he or she carries on or about his or her person or is otherwise armed with a firearm; or

(3) he or she, during the commission of the offense, personally discharges a firearm; or

(4) he or she, during the commission of the offense, personally discharges a firearm that proximately causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or death to another person.

(b) Sentence.

Armed robbery in violation of subsection (a)(1) is a Class X felony. A violation of subsection (a)(2) is a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A violation of subsection (a)(3) is a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A violation of subsection (a)(4) is a Class X felony for which 25 years or up to a term of natural life shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1961, p. 1983, § 18-2, eff. Jan. 1, 1962. Amended by Laws 1967, p. 2595, § 1, eff. Aug. 3, 1967; P.A. 77-1233, § 1, eff. Aug. 24, 1971; P.A. 77-2638, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1973; P.A. 78-255, § 61, eff. Oct. 1, 1973; P.A. 80-1099, § 1, eff. Feb. 1, 1978; P.A. 91-404, § 5, eff. Jan. 1, 2000.

Formerly Ill.Rev.Stat.1991, ch. 38, ¶ 18-2.

VALIDITY

<The 15 year sentence enhancement for armed robbery while in possession of a firearm has been held by the Supreme Court of Illinois to unconstitutional as violating the proportionate penalties clause of the state constitution, S.H.A. Const. Art. 1, § 11, in the case of People v. Walden, 2002, 199 Ill.2d 392, 769 N.E.2d 928, 264 Ill.Dec. 91. Walden was overruled by People v. Sharpe, 216 Ill.2d 481, 839 N.E.2d 492, 298 Ill.Dec. 169. Public Act 95-688, effective October 23, 2007, redefined armed violence to exclude as a predicate any offense that carries a mandatory sentence enhancement for use of a firearm. People v. Hauschild, 226, Ill.2d 63 (2007).>

<The 25-year to natural life sentence enhancement required under subsec. (b) of the Class X felony penalty for armed robbery based on discharging a firearm and causing great bodily harm violates the proportionate penalty requirement of the Illinois Constitution (ILCON Art. I, Sec. 11) when compared to the lesser sentence for the equivalent offense of armed violence predicated on robbery with a category I weapon (which includes a firearm) under 720 ILCS 5/33A-2. People v. Harvey, 366 Ill. App. 3d 119 (1st Dist. 2006).>

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

720 ILCS 5/18-3

Effective: January 1, 2013

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-3. Vehicular hijacking

§ 18-3. Vehicular hijacking.

(a) A person commits vehicular hijacking when he or she knowingly takes a motor vehicle from the person or the immediate presence of another by the use of force or by threatening the imminent use of force.

(b) Sentence. Vehicular hijacking is a Class 1 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1961, p. 1983, § 18-3, added by P.A. 88-351, § 5, eff. Aug. 13, 1993. Amended by P.A. 88-670, Art. 2, § 2-64, eff. Dec. 2, 1994; P.A. 97-1108, § 10-5, eff. Jan. 1, 2013.

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

720 ILCS 5/18-4

Effective: January 1, 2013

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-4. Aggravated vehicular hijacking

§ 18-4. Aggravated vehicular hijacking.

(a) A person commits aggravated vehicular hijacking when he or she violates Section 18-3; and

(1) the person from whose immediate presence the motor vehicle is taken is a physically handicapped person or a person 60 years of age or over; or

(2) a person under 16 years of age is a passenger in the motor vehicle at the time of the offense; or

(3) he or she carries on or about his or her person, or is otherwise armed with a dangerous weapon, other than a firearm; or

(4) he or she carries on or about his or her person or is otherwise armed with a firearm; or

(5) he or she, during the commission of the offense, personally discharges a firearm; or

(6) he or she, during the commission of the offense, personally discharges a firearm that proximately causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or death to another person.

(b) Sentence. Aggravated vehicular hijacking in violation of subsections (a)(1) or (a)(2) is a Class X felony. A violation of subsection (a)(3) is a Class X felony for which a term of imprisonment of not less than 7 years shall be imposed. A violation of subsection (a)(4) is a Class X felony for which 15 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A violation of subsection (a)(5) is a Class X felony for which 20 years shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court. A violation of subsection (a)(6) is a Class X felony for which 25 years or up to a term of natural life shall be added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1961, p. 1983, § 18-4, added by P.A. 88-351, § 5, eff. Aug. 13, 1993. Amended by P.A. 91-404, § 5, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; P.A. 97-1108, § 10-5, eff. Jan. 1, 2013.

VALIDITY

<Sentencing range of 21 to 45 years imprisonment for aggravated vehicular hijacking while carrying a firearm under subsection (a)(2) is harsher than the sentencing range of 15 to 30 years imprisonment for armed violence with a category I weapon predicated upon vehicular hijacking, an offense with identical elements and thus violates the proportionate penalties clause of section 11 of Article I of the Illinois Constitution. People v. Andrews, 364 Ill. App. 3d 253.>

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

720 ILCS 5/18-5

Effective: January 1, 2013

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-5. § 18-5. Repealed by P.A. 97-1108, § 10-10, eff. Jan. 1, 2013

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

720 ILCS 5/18-6

Formerly cited as IL ST CH 38 ¶ 12-11.1; 720 ILCS 5/12-11.1

Effective: January 1, 2013

West's Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 720. Criminal Offenses

Criminal Code

Act 5. Criminal Code of 2012 (Refs & Annos)

Title III. Specific Offenses

Part C. Offenses Directed Against Property

Article 18. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

5/18-6. Vehicular invasion

§ 18-6. Vehicular invasion.

(a) A person commits vehicular invasion when he or she knowingly, by force and without lawful justification, enters or reaches into the interior of a motor vehicle while the motor vehicle is occupied by another person or persons, with the intent to commit therein a theft or felony.

(b) Sentence. Vehicular invasion is a Class 1 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1961, p. 1983, § 12-11.1, added by P.A. 86-1392, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1991. Amended and renumbered as § 18-6 by P.A. 97-1108, § 10-5, eff. Jan. 1, 2013.

Formerly Ill.Rev.Stat.1991, ch. 38, ¶ 12-11.1.

Current through P.A. 98-16 of the 2013 Reg. Sess.

ILCS Ch. 720, ACT 5, T. III, Pt. C, Art. 19, Refs & Ann

Ga. Code Ann., § 16-8-40

 

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Code of Georgia Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft (Refs & Annos)

Article 2. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 16-8-40. Robbery

(a) A person commits the offense of robbery when, with intent to commit theft, he takes property of another from the person or the immediate presence of another:

(1) By use of force;

(2) By intimidation, by the use of threat or coercion, or by placing such person in fear of immediate serious bodily injury to himself or to another; or

(3) By sudden snatching.

(b) A person convicted of the offense of robbery shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than 20 years.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Code section, any person who commits the offense of robbery against a person who is 65 years of age or older shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by imprisonment for not less than five nor more than 20 years.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1833, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 791; Laws 1903, p. 43, § 1; Laws 1957, p. 261, § 1; Laws 1968, p. 1249, § 1; Laws 1984, p. 900, § 4.

Formerly Code 1863, § 4286; Code 1868, § 4323; Code 1873, § 4389; Code 1882, § 4389; Penal Code 1895, § 151; Penal Code 1910, § 148; Code 1933, § 26-2501; Code 1933, § 26-1901.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session

 

Ga. Code Ann., § 16-8-41

 

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Code of Georgia Annotated Currentness

Title 16. Crimes and Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 8. Offenses Involving Theft (Refs & Annos)

Article 2. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 16-8-41. Armed robbery; robbery by intimidation

(a) A person commits the offense of armed robbery when, with intent to commit theft, he or she takes property of another from the person or the immediate presence of another by use of an offensive weapon, or any replica, article, or device having the appearance of such weapon. The offense of robbery by intimidation shall be a lesser included offense in the offense of armed robbery.

(b) A person convicted of the offense of armed robbery shall be punished by death or imprisonment for life or by imprisonment for not less than ten nor more than 20 years.

(c)(1) The preceding provisions of this Code section notwithstanding, in any case in which the defendant commits armed robbery and in the course of the commission of the offense such person unlawfully takes a controlled substance from a pharmacy or a wholesale druggist and intentionally inflicts bodily injury upon any person, such facts shall be charged in the indictment or accusation and, if found to be true by the court or if admitted by the defendant, the defendant shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 15 years.

(2) As used in this subsection, the term:

(A) “Controlled substance” means a drug, substance, or immediate precursor in Schedules I through V of Code Sections 16-13-25 through 16-13-29.

(B) “Pharmacy” means any place licensed in accordance with Chapter 4 of Title 26 wherein the possessing, displaying, compounding, dispensing, or retailing of drugs may be conducted, including any and all portions of any building or structure leased, used, or controlled by the licensee in the conduct of the business licensed by the State Board of Pharmacy at the address for which the license was issued. The term pharmacy shall also include any building, warehouse, physician's office, or hospital used in whole or in part for the sale, storage, or dispensing of any controlled substance.

(C) “Wholesale druggist” means an individual, partnership, corporation, or association registered with the State Board of Pharmacy under Chapter 4 of Title 26.

(d) Any person convicted under this Code section shall, in addition, be subject to the sentencing and punishment provisions of Code Sections 17-10-6.1 and 17-10-7.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1833, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 791; Laws 1858, p. 98, § 1; Laws 1890-91, p. 83, § 1; Laws 1937, p. 490, § 1; Laws 1957, p. 261, §§ 2, 3; Laws 1968, p. 1249, § 1; Laws 1969, p. 810, § 1; Laws 1976, p. 1359, § 1; Laws 1981, p. 1266, § 1; Laws 1985, p. 1036, § 1; Laws 1994, p. 1959, § 3; Laws 1999, p. 81, § 16.

Formerly Code 1863, §§ 4287, 4288; Code 1868, §§ 4324, 4325; Code 1873, §§ 4390, 4391; Code 1882, §§ 4390, 4391; Penal Code 1895, §§ 152, 153; Penal Code 1910, §§ 149, 150; Code 1933, §§ 26-2502, 26-2503; Code 1933, § 26-1902.

 

Current through the 2012 Regular Session

West's Alaska Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Law

Chapter 41. Offenses Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery, Extortion, and Coercion (Refs & Annos)

§ 11.41.500. Robbery in the first degree

(a) A person commits the crime of robbery in the first degree if the person violates AS 11.41.510 and, in the course of violating that section or in immediate flight thereafter, that person or another participant

(1) is armed with a deadly weapon or represents by words or other conduct that either that person or another participant is so armed;

(2) uses or attempts to use a dangerous instrument or a defensive weapon or represents by words or other conduct that either that person or another participant is armed with a dangerous instrument or a defensive weapon; or

(3) causes or attempts to cause serious physical injury to any person.

(b) Robbery in the first degree is a class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

SLA 1978, ch. 166, § 3; SLA 1991, ch. 59, § 1.

Current through legislation effective May 22, 2013, passed during the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 28th Legislature

AS § 11.41.510

West's Alaska Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Law

Chapter 41. Offenses Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery, Extortion, and Coercion (Refs & Annos)

§ 11.41.510. Robbery in the second degree

(a) A person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree if, in the course of taking or attempting to take property from the immediate presence and control of another, the person uses or threatens the immediate use of force upon any person with intent to

(1) prevent or overcome resistance to the taking of the property or the retention of the property after taking; or

(2) compel any person to deliver the property or engage in other conduct which might aid in the taking of the property.

(b) Robbery in the second degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

SLA 1978, ch. 166, § 3.

Current through legislation effective May 22, 2013, passed during the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 28th Legislature

AS § 11.41.520

West's Alaska Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Law

Chapter 41. Offenses Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery, Extortion, and Coercion (Refs & Annos)

§ 11.41.520. Extortion

(a) A person commits the crime of extortion if the person obtains the property of another by threatening or suggesting that either that person or another may

(1) inflict physical injury on anyone, except under circumstances constituting robbery in any degree, or commit any other crime;

(2) accuse anyone of a crime;

(3) expose confidential information or a secret, whether true or false, tending to subject a person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule or to impair the person's credit or business repute;

(4) take or withhold action as a public servant or cause a public servant to take or withhold action;

(5) bring about or continue a strike, boycott, or other collective unofficial action, if the property is not demanded or received for the benefit of the group in whose interest the person making the threat or suggestion purports to act;

(6) testify or provide information or withhold testimony or information with respect to a person's legal claim or defense; or

(7) inflict any other harm which would not benefit the person making the threat or suggestion.

(b) A threat or suggestion to perform any of the acts described in (a) of this section includes an offer to protect another from any harmful act when the offeror has no apparent means to provide the protection or when the price asked for rendering the protection service is grossly disproportionate to its cost to the offeror.

(c) It is a defense to a prosecution based on (a)(2), (3), or (4) of this section that the property obtained by threat of accusation, exposure, lawsuit, or other invocation of official action was honestly claimed as restitution or indemnification for harm done in the circumstances to which the accusation, exposure, lawsuit, or other official action relates, or as compensation for property or lawful services.

(d) In this section, “property of another” means property in which a person has an interest that the defendant is not privileged to infringe, whether or not the defendant also has an interest in the property and whether or not the person from whom the property was obtained or withheld also obtained the property unlawfully. “Property of another” does not include property in the possession of the defendant in which another has only a security interest, even if legal title is in the secured party under a conditional sales contract or other security agreement; in the absence of a specific agreement to the contrary, the holder of a security interest in property is not privileged to infringe the debtor's right of possession without the consent of the debtor.

(e) Extortion is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

SLA 1978, ch. 166, § 3; SLA 1994, ch. 9, § 2.

Current through legislation effective May 22, 2013, passed during the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 28th Legislature

AS § 11.41.530

West's Alaska Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 11. Criminal Law

Chapter 41. Offenses Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

Article 5. Robbery, Extortion, and Coercion (Refs & Annos)

§ 11.41.530. Coercion

(a) A person commits the crime of coercion if the person compels another to engage in conduct from which there is a legal right to abstain or abstain from conduct in which there is a legal right to engage, by means of instilling in the person who is compelled a fear that, if the demand is not complied with, the person who makes the demand or another may

(1) inflict physical injury on anyone, except under circumstances constituting robbery in any degree, or commit any other crime;

(2) accuse anyone of a crime;

(3) expose confidential information or a secret, whether true or false, tending to subject a person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule or to impair the person's credit or business repute;

(4) take or withhold action as a public servant or cause a public servant to take or withhold action;

(5) bring about or continue a strike, boycott, or other collective unofficial action, if the property is not demanded or received for the benefit of the group in whose interest the person making the threat or suggestion purports to act;

(6) testify or provide information or withhold testimony or information with respect to a person's legal claim or defense.

(b) It is a defense to a prosecution under (a)(2), (3), or (4) of this section that the defendant reasonably believed that the accusation or exposure was true or that the lawsuit or other invocation of official action was justified and that the defendant's sole intent was to compel or induce the victim to take reasonable action to correct the wrong that is the subject of the accusation, exposure, lawsuit, or invocation of official action or to refrain from committing an offense.

(c) Coercion is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

SLA 1978, ch. 166, § 3.

Current through legislation effective May 22, 2013, passed during the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 28th Legislature

Title 3. Other Crimes Against the Person

Subtitle 4. Robbery

§ 3-401. Definitions

In general

(a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.

Deprive

(b) “Deprive” means to withhold property of another:

(1) permanently;

(2) for a period that results in the appropriation of a part of the property's value;

(3) with the purpose to restore it only on payment of a reward or other compensation; or

(4) to dispose of the property or use or deal with the property in a manner that makes it unlikely that the owner will recover it.

Obtain

(c) “Obtain” means:

(1) in relation to property, to bring about a transfer of interest in or possession of the property; and

(2) in relation to a service, to secure the performance of the service.

Property

(d)(1) “Property” means anything of value.

(2) “Property” includes:

(i) real estate;

(ii) money;

(iii) a commercial instrument;

(iv) an admission or transportation ticket;

(v) a written instrument representing or embodying rights concerning anything of value, or services, or anything otherwise of value to the owner;

(vi) a thing growing on, affixed to, or found on land, or that is part of or affixed to any building;

(vii) electricity, gas, and water;

(viii) a bird, animal, or fish that ordinarily is kept in a state of confinement;

(ix) food or drink;

(x) a sample, culture, microorganism, or specimen;

(xi) a record, recording, document, blueprint, drawing, map, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them;

(xii) an article, material, device, substance, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them that represents evidence of, reflects, or records a secret:

1. scientific, technical, merchandising, production, or management information; or

2. designed process, procedure, formula, invention, trade secret, or improvement;

(xiii) a financial instrument; and

(xiv) information, electronically produced data, and a computer software or program in a form readable by machine or individual.

Robbery

(e) “Robbery” retains its judicially determined meaning except that:

(1) robbery includes obtaining the service of another by force or threat of force; and

(2) robbery requires proof of intent to withhold property of another:

(i) permanently;

(ii) for a period that results in the appropriation of a part of the property's value;

(iii) with the purpose to restore it only on payment of a reward or other compensation; or

(iv) to dispose of the property or use or deal with the property in a manner that makes it unlikely that the owner will recover it.

Service

(f) “Service” includes:

(1) labor or professional service;

(2) telecommunication, public utility, toll facility, or transportation service;

(3) lodging, entertainment, or restaurant service; and

(4) the use of computers, data processing, or other equipment.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2002, c. 26, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2002.

Formerly Art. 27, § 486.

The statutes and Constitution are current through all chapters of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly, effective through June 1, 2013.

MD Code, Criminal Law, § 3-402

Formerly cited as MD CODE Art. 27, § 486

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Maryland Currentness

Criminal Law (Refs & Annos)

Title 3. Other Crimes Against the Person

Subtitle 4. Robbery

§ 3-402. Robbery

Prohibited

(a) A person may not commit or attempt to commit robbery.

Penalty

(b) A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 15 years.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2002, c. 26, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2005, c. 567, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 2005.

Formerly Art. 27, § 486.

The statutes and Constitution are current through all chapters of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly, effective through June 1, 2013.

MD Code, Criminal Law, § 3-403

Formerly cited as MD CODE Art. 27, § 487

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Maryland Currentness

Criminal Law (Refs & Annos)

Title 3. Other Crimes Against the Person

Subtitle 4. Robbery

§ 3-403. Robbery with dangerous weapon

Prohibited

(a) A person may not commit or attempt to commit robbery under § 3-402 of this subtitle:

(1) with a dangerous weapon; or

(2) by displaying a written instrument claiming that the person has possession of a dangerous weapon.

Penalty

(b) A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2002, c. 26, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2005, c. 567, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 2005.

Formerly Art. 27, § 487.

The statutes and Constitution are current through all chapters of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly, effective through June 1, 2013.

MD Code, Criminal Law, § 3-404

Formerly cited as MD CODE Art. 27, § 488

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Maryland Currentness

Criminal Law (Refs & Annos)

Title 3. Other Crimes Against the Person

Subtitle 4. Robbery

§ 3-404. Charging document

In general

(a) An indictment, information, warrant, or other charging document for robbery is sufficient if it substantially states:

“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) did feloniously rob (name of victim) of (property/

service) (having a value of $500 or more) (with a dangerous weapon) in violation of (section violated) against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.

Determination of value

(b) If a charging document alleges that the value of the property or service subject to this subtitle is $500 or more, the court shall instruct the jury to determine whether the value of the property or service is less than $500, or $500 or more.

Theft as lesser included crime

(c) Unless a charging document alleges that the value of the property or service subject to this subtitle is $500 or more, a felony violation of § 7-104 of this article is not a lesser included crime of robbery.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2002, c. 26, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2002.

Formerly Art. 27, § 488.

The statutes and Constitution are current through all chapters of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly, effective through June 1, 2013.

MD Code, Criminal Law, § 3-405

Formerly cited as MD CODE Art. 27, § 348A

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Annotated Code of Maryland Currentness

Criminal Law (Refs & Annos)

Title 3. Other Crimes Against the Person

Subtitle 4. Robbery

§ 3-405. Carjacking

“Motor vehicle” defined

(a) In this section, “motor vehicle” has the meaning stated in § 11-135 of the Transportation Article.

Prohibited--Carjacking

(b)(1) An individual may not take unauthorized possession or control of a motor vehicle from another individual who actually possesses the motor vehicle, by force or violence, or by putting that individual in fear through intimidation or threat of force or violence.

(2) A violation of this subsection is carjacking.

Prohibited--Armed carjacking

(c)(1) A person may not employ or display a dangerous weapon during the commission of a carjacking.

(2) A violation of this subsection is armed carjacking.

Penalty

(d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 years.

Sentencing

(e) A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to a sentence for any other crime that arises from the conduct underlying the carjacking or armed carjacking.

Prohibited defense

(f) It is not a defense under this section that the defendant did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or possessor of the motor vehicle.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Acts 2002, c. 26, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2002. Amended by Acts 2004, c. 104, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 2004.

Formerly Art. 27, § 348A.

The statutes and Constitution are current through all chapters of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly, effective through June 1, 2013.

C.G.S.A. § 53a-118

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-118. Definitions generally

(a) The following definitions are applicable to this part: (1) “Property” means any money, personal property, real property, thing in action, evidence of debt or contract, or article of value of any kind. Commodities of a public utility nature such as gas, electricity, steam and water constitute property, but the supplying of such a commodity to premises from an outside source by means of wires, pipes, conduits or other equipment shall be deemed a rendition of a service rather than a sale or delivery of property. (2) “Obtain” includes, but is not limited to, the bringing about of a transfer or purported transfer of property or of a legal interest therein, whether to the obtainer or another. (3) To “deprive” another of property means (A) to withhold it or cause it to be withheld from him permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion of its economic value or benefit is lost to him, or (B) to dispose of the property in such manner or under such circumstances as to render it unlikely that an owner will recover such property. (4) To “appropriate” property of another to oneself or a third person means (A) to exercise control over it, or to aid a third person to exercise control over it, permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances as to acquire the major portion of its economic value or benefit, or (B) to dispose of the property for the benefit of oneself or a third person. (5) An “owner” means any person who has a right to possession superior to that of a taker, obtainer or withholder. (6) To “receive” means to acquire possession, control or title, or to lend on the security of the property. (7) “Service” includes, but is not limited to, labor, professional service, public utility and transportation service, the supplying of hotel accommodations, restaurant services, entertainment, and the supplying of equipment for use. (8) “Check” means any check, draft or similar sight order for the payment of money which is not postdated with respect to the time of issuance. (9) “Drawer” of a check means a person whose name appears thereon as the primary obligor, whether the actual signature be that of himself or of a person purportedly authorized to draw the check in his behalf. (10) “Representative drawer” means a person who signs a check as drawer in a representative capacity or as agent of the person whose name appears thereon as the principal drawer or obligor. (11) A person “issues” a check when, as a drawer or representative drawer thereof, he delivers it or causes it to be delivered to a person who thereby acquires a right against the drawer with respect to such check. One who draws a check with intent that it be so delivered is deemed to have issued it if the delivery occurs. (12) A person “passes” a check when, being a payee, holder or bearer of a check which previously has been or purports to have been drawn and issued by another, he delivers it, for a purpose other than collection, to a third person who thereby acquires a right with respect thereto. (13) “Funds” means money or credit. (14) A drawer has “insufficient funds” with a drawee to cover a check when he has no funds or account whatever, or funds in an amount less than that of the check; and a check dishonored for “no account” shall also be deemed to have been dishonored for “insufficient funds”. (15) “Credit” means an arrangement or understanding with a bank or depository for the payment of a check, draft or order in full on presentation.

(b) A person who has obtained possession of property by theft or other illegal means shall be deemed to have a right of possession superior to that of a person who takes, obtains or withholds it from him by larcenous means.

(c) A joint or common owner of property shall not be deemed to have a right of possession thereto superior to that of any other joint or common owner thereof.

(d) In the absence of a specific agreement to the contrary, a person in lawful possession of property shall be deemed to have a right of possession superior to that of a person having only a security interest therein, even if legal title lies with the holder of the security interest pursuant to a conditional sale contract or other security agreement.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 120, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1971, P.A. 871, § 23.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-119

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-119. Larceny defined

A person commits larceny when, with intent to deprive another of property or to appropriate the same to himself or a third person, he wrongfully takes, obtains or withholds such property from an owner. Larceny includes, but is not limited to:

(1) Embezzlement. A person commits embezzlement when he wrongfully appropriates to himself or to another property of another in his care or custody.

(2) Obtaining property by false pretenses. A person obtains property by false pretenses when, by any false token, pretense or device, he obtains from another any property, with intent to defraud him or any other person.

(3) Obtaining property by false promise. A person obtains property by false promise when, pursuant to a scheme to defraud, he obtains property of another by means of a representation, express or implied, that he or a third person will in the future engage in particular conduct, and when he does not intend to engage in such conduct or does not believe that the third person intends to engage in such conduct. In any prosecution for larceny based upon a false promise, the defendant's intention or belief that the promise would not be performed may not be established by or inferred from the fact alone that such promise was not performed.

(4) Acquiring property lost, mislaid or delivered by mistake. A person who comes into control of property of another that he knows to have been lost, mislaid, or delivered under a mistake as to the nature or amount of the property or the identity of the recipient is guilty of larceny if, with purpose to deprive the owner thereof, he fails to take reasonable measures to restore the property to a person entitled to it.

(5) Extortion. A person obtains property by extortion when he compels or induces another person to deliver such property to himself or a third person by means of instilling in him a fear that, if the property is not so delivered, the actor or another will: (A) Cause physical injury to some person in the future; or (B) cause damage to property; or (C) engage in other conduct constituting a crime; or (D) accuse some person of a crime or cause criminal charges to be instituted against him; or (E) expose a secret or publicize an asserted fact, whether true or false, tending to subject some person to hatred, contempt or ridicule; or (F) cause a strike, boycott or other collective labor group action injurious to some person's business; except that such a threat shall not be deemed extortion when the property is demanded or received for the benefit of the group in whose interest the actor purports to act; or (G) testify or provide information or withhold testimony or information with respect to another's legal claim or defense; or (H) use or abuse his position as a public servant by performing some act within or related to his official duties, or by failing or refusing to perform an official duty, in such manner as to affect some person adversely; or (I) inflict any other harm which would not benefit the actor.

(6) Defrauding of public community. A person is guilty of defrauding a public community who (A) authorizes, certifies, attests or files a claim for benefits or reimbursement from a local, state or federal agency which he knows is false; or (B) knowingly accepts the benefits from a claim he knows is false; or (C) as an officer or agent of any public community, with intent to prejudice it, appropriates its property to the use of any person or draws any order upon its treasury or presents or aids in procuring to be allowed any fraudulent claim against such community. For purposes of this subdivision such order or claim shall be deemed to be property.

(7) Theft of services. A person is guilty of theft of services when: (A) With intent to avoid payment for restaurant services rendered, or for services rendered to him as a transient guest at a hotel, motel, inn, tourist cabin, rooming house or comparable establishment, he avoids such payment by unjustifiable failure or refusal to pay, by stealth, or by any misrepresentation of fact which he knows to be false; or (B) (i) with intent to obtain railroad, subway, bus, air, taxi or any other public transportation service without payment of the lawful charge therefor or to avoid payment of the lawful charge for such transportation service which has been rendered to him, he obtains such service or avoids payment therefor by force, intimidation, stealth, deception or mechanical tampering, or by unjustifiable failure or refusal to pay, or (ii) with intent to obtain the use of equipment, including a motor vehicle, without payment of the lawful charge therefor, or to avoid payment of the lawful charge for such use which has been permitted him, he obtains such use or avoids such payment therefor by means of any false or fraudulent representation, fraudulent concealment, false pretense or personation, trick, artifice or device, including, but not limited to, a false representation as to his name, residence, employment, or driver's license; or (C) obtaining or having control over labor in the employ of another person, or of business, commercial or industrial equipment or facilities of another person, knowing that he is not entitled to the use thereof, and with intent to derive a commercial or other substantial benefit for himself or a third person, he uses or diverts to the use of himself or a third person such labor, equipment or facilities.

(8) Receiving stolen property. A person is guilty of larceny by receiving stolen property if he receives, retains, or disposes of stolen property knowing that it has probably been stolen or believing that it has probably been stolen, unless the property is received, retained or disposed of with purpose to restore it to the owner. A person who accepts or receives the use or benefit of a public utility commodity which customarily passes through a meter, knowing such commodity (A) has been diverted therefrom, (B) has not been correctly registered or (C) has not been registered at all by a meter, is guilty of larceny by receiving stolen property.

(9) Shoplifting. A person is guilty of shoplifting who intentionally takes possession of any goods, wares or merchandise offered or exposed for sale by any store or other mercantile establishment with the intention of converting the same to his own use, without paying the purchase price thereof. A person intentionally concealing unpurchased goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, either on the premises or outside the premises of such store, shall be prima facie presumed to have so concealed such article with the intention of converting the same to his own use without paying the purchase price thereof.

(10) Conversion of a motor vehicle. A person is guilty of conversion of a motor vehicle who, after renting or leasing a motor vehicle under an agreement in writing which provides for the return of such vehicle to a particular place at a particular time, fails to return the vehicle to such place within the time specified, and who thereafter fails to return such vehicle to the agreed place or to any other place of business of the lessor within one hundred twenty hours after the lessor shall have sent a written demand to him for the return of the vehicle by registered mail addressed to him at his address as shown in the written agreement or, in the absence of such address, to his last-known address as recorded in the records of the motor vehicle department of the state in which he is licensed to operate a motor vehicle. It shall be a complete defense to any civil action arising out of or involving the arrest or detention of any person to whom such demand was sent by registered mail that he failed to return the vehicle to any place of business of the lessor within one hundred twenty hours after the mailing of such demand.

(11) Obtaining property through fraudulent use of an automated teller machine. A person obtains property through fraudulent use of an automated teller machine when such person obtains property by knowingly using in a fraudulent manner an automated teller machine with intent to deprive another of property or to appropriate the same to himself or a third person. In any prosecution for larceny based upon fraudulent use of an automated teller machine, the crime shall be deemed to have been committed in the town in which the machine was located. In any prosecution for larceny based upon more than one instance of fraudulent use of an automated teller machine, (A) all such instances in any six-month period may be combined and charged as one offense, with the value of all property obtained thereby being accumulated, and (B) the crime shall be deemed to have been committed in any of the towns in which a machine which was fraudulently used was located. For the purposes of this subsection, “automated teller machine” means an unmanned device at which banking transactions including, without limitation, deposits, withdrawals, advances, payments and transfers may be conducted, and includes, without limitation, a satellite device and point of sale terminal as defined in section 36a-2.

(12) Library theft. A person is guilty of library theft when (A) he conceals on his person or among his belongings a book or other archival library materials, belonging to, or deposited in, a library facility with the intention of removing the same from the library facility without authority or without authority removes a book or other archival library materials from such library facility or (B) he mutilates a book or other archival library materials belonging to, or deposited in, a library facility, so as to render it unusable or reduce its value. The term “book or other archival library materials” includes any book, plate, picture, photograph, engraving, painting, drawing, map, manuscript, document, letter, public record, microform, sound recording, audiovisual material in any format, magnetic or other tape, electronic data-processing record, artifact or other documentary, written or printed material regardless of physical form or characteristics, or any part thereof, belonging to, on loan to, or otherwise in the custody of a library facility. The term “library facility” includes any public library, any library of an educational institution, organization or society, any museum, any repository of public records and any archives.

(13) Conversion of leased property. (A) A person is guilty of conversion of leased personal property who, with the intent of converting the same to his own use or that of a third person, after renting or leasing such property under an agreement in writing which provides for the return of such property to a particular place at a particular time, sells, conveys, conceals or aids in concealing such property or any part thereof, and who thereafter fails to return such property to the agreed place or to any other place of business of the lessor within one hundred ninety-two hours after the lessor shall have sent a written demand to him for the return of the property by registered or certified mail addressed to him at his address as shown in the written agreement, unless a more recent address is known to the lessor. Acknowledgment of the receipt of such written demand by the lessee shall not be necessary to establish that one hundred ninety-two hours have passed since such written demand was sent. (B) Any person, being in possession of personal property other than wearing apparel, received upon a written lease, who, with intent to defraud, sells, conveys, conceals or aids in concealing such property, or any part thereof, shall be prima facie presumed to have done so with the intention of converting such property to his own use. (C) A person who uses a false or fictitious name or address in obtaining such leased personal property shall be prima facie presumed to have obtained such leased personal property with the intent of converting the same to his own use or that of a third person. (D) “Leased personal property”, as used in this subdivision, means any personal property received pursuant to a written contract, by which one owning such property, the lessor, grants to another, the lessee, the right to possess, use and enjoy such personal property for a specified period of time for a specified sum, but does not include personal property that is rented or leased pursuant to chapter 743i. [FN1]

(14) Failure to pay prevailing rate of wages. A person is guilty of failing to pay the prevailing rate of wages when he (A) files a certified payroll, in accordance with section 31-53 which he knows is false, in violation of section 53a-157a, and (B) fails to pay to an employee or to an employee welfare fund the amount attested to in the certified payroll with the intent to convert such amount to his own use or to the use of a third party.

(15) Theft of utility service. A person is guilty of theft of utility service when he intentionally obtains electric, gas, water, telecommunications, wireless radio communications or community antenna television service that is available only for compensation: (A) By deception or threat or by false token, slug or other means including, but not limited to, electronic or mechanical device or unauthorized use of a confidential identification or authorization code or through fraudulent statements, to avoid payment for the service by himself or another person; or (B) by tampering or making connection with or disconnecting the meter, pipe, cable, conduit, conductor, attachment or other equipment or by manufacturing, modifying, altering, programming, reprogramming or possessing any device, software or equipment or part or component thereof or by disguising the identity or identification numbers of any device or equipment utilized by a supplier of electric, gas, water, telecommunications, wireless radio communications or community antenna television service, without the consent of such supplier, in order to avoid payment for the service by himself or another person; or (C) with intent to avoid payment by himself or another person for a prospective or already rendered service the charge or compensation for which is measured by a meter or other mechanical measuring device provided by the supplier of the service, by tampering with such meter or device or by attempting in any manner to prevent such meter or device from performing its measuring function, without the consent of the supplier of the service. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person to whom the service is billed has the intent to obtain the service and to avoid making payment for the service if, without the consent of the supplier of the service: (i) Any meter, pipe, cable, conduit, conductor, attachment or other equipment has been tampered with or connected or disconnected, (ii) any device, software or equipment or part or component thereof has been modified, altered, programmed, reprogrammed or possessed, (iii) the identity or identification numbers of any device or equipment utilized by the supplier of the service have been disguised, or (iv) a meter or other mechanical measuring device provided by the supplier of the service has been tampered with or prevented from performing its measuring function. The presumption does not apply if the person to whose service the condition applies has received such service for less than thirty-one days or until the service supplier has made at least one meter or service reading and provided a billing statement to the person as to whose service the condition applies. The presumption does not apply with respect to wireless radio communications.

(16) Air bag fraud. A person is guilty of air bag fraud when such person, with intent to defraud another person, obtains property from such other person or a third person by knowingly installing or reinstalling any object in lieu of an air bag that was designed in accordance with federal safety requirements as provided in 49 CFR 571.208, as amended, and which is proper for the make, model and year of the vehicle, as part of the vehicle inflatable restraint system.

(17) Theft of motor fuel. A person is guilty of theft of motor fuel when such person (A) delivers or causes to be delivered motor fuel, as defined in section 14-327a, into the fuel tank of a vehicle or into a portable container, or into both, on the premises of a retail dealer, as defined in section 14-318, and (B) with the intent to appropriate such motor fuel to himself or a third person, leaves such premises without paying the purchase price for such motor fuel.

(18) Failure to repay surplus Citizens' Election Fund grant funds. A person is guilty of failure to repay surplus Citizens' Election Fund grant funds when such person fails to return to the Citizens' Election Fund any surplus funds from a grant made pursuant to sections 9-700 to 9-716, inclusive, not later than ninety days after the primary or election for which the grant is made.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 121, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1971, P.A. 871, § 24; 1972, P.A. 188, §§ 1, 2; 1973, P.A. 73-639, § 21; 1975, P.A. 75-225; 1976, P.A. 76-109; 1979, P.A. 79-268; 1981, P.A. 81-224; 1981, P.A. 81-263, § 1; 1983, P.A. 83-417, § 1; 1984, P.A. 84-248, § 1; 1984, P.A. 84-301, § 1; 1984, P.A. 84-546, § 161, eff. June 14, 1984; 1985, P.A. 85-339, § 1; 1991, P.A. 91-162, § 17, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 49; 1993, P.A. 93-392, § 5; 1995, P.A. 95-246, § 1; 2001, P.A. 01-36; 2003, P.A. 03-201, § 1; 2003, P.A. 03-278, § 105, eff. July 9, 2003; 2005, Oct. 25 Sp.Sess., P.A. 05-5, § 50, eff. Dec. 31, 2006; 2006, P.A. 06-118, § 2.)

[FN1] C.G.S.A. § 42-240 et seq.

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-119a

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-119a. Shoplifting and library theft; detention, questioning, presumption of crime

(a) Any owner, authorized agent or authorized employee of a retail mercantile establishment, who observes any person concealing or attempting to conceal goods displayed for sale therein, or the ownership of such goods, or transporting such goods from such premises without payment therefor, may question such person as to his name and address and, if such owner, agent or employee has reasonable grounds to believe that the person so questioned was then attempting to commit or was committing larceny of such goods on the premises of such establishment, may detain such person for a time sufficient to summon a police officer to the premises. Any person so questioned by such owner, authorized agent or authorized employee pursuant to the provisions of this section shall promptly identify himself by name and address. No other information shall be required of such person until a police officer has taken him into custody. For the purposes of this subsection, “reasonable grounds” shall include knowledge that a person has concealed unpurchased merchandise of such establishment while on the premises or has altered or removed identifying labels on such merchandise while on the premises or is leaving such premises with such unpurchased or concealed or altered merchandise in his possession.

(b) Whenever an employee or authorized agent of a library facility, as defined in subdivision (12) of section 53a-119, has reasonable grounds to believe that a person (1) is removing or is attempting to remove, without authority, a book or other archival library materials, as defined in said subdivision (12) of section 53a-119, from a library facility or (2) is intentionally mutilating, defacing or destroying a book or other archival library materials, such employee or authorized agent may question such person as to his name and address and may detain such person for a time sufficient to summon a police officer to the premises. Any person so questioned by such employee or agent shall promptly identify himself by name and address. For the purposes of this subsection, reasonable grounds shall include knowledge that a person (A) has concealed a book or other archival library materials while on the library facility premises or is removing such book or material from the library facility premises without authority or (B) has mutilated, defaced or destroyed a book or other archival library materials belonging to or deposited in a library facility.

(c) In any civil action by a person detained under the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section against the person so detaining him or the principal or employer of such person arising out of such questioning or detention by any such owner, agent or employee, evidence that the defendant had reasonable grounds to believe that the plaintiff was, at the time in question, committing or attempting to commit larceny or mutilating, defacing or destroying a book or other archival library materials shall create a rebuttable presumption that the plaintiff was so committing or attempting to commit larceny or mutilating, defacing or destroying a book or other archival library materials.

CREDIT(S)

(1973, P.A. 73-617, § 2; 1984, P.A. 84-248, § 2; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 50.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-119b

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-119b. Using motor vehicle or vessel without owner's permission. Interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle. First offense: Class A misdemeanor. Subsequent offense: Class D felony

(a) A person is guilty of using a motor vehicle without the owner's permission when: (1) He operates or uses, or causes to be operated or used, any motor vehicle unless he has the consent of the owner; or (2) he obtains the consent of the owner to the use of his motor vehicle by fraud or fraudulent means, statement or representations.

(b) A person is guilty of using a vessel, as defined in section 15-127, without the owner's permission when: (1) He operates or uses, or causes to be operated or used, any vessel unless he has the consent of the owner; or (2) he obtains the consent of the owner to the use of his vessel by fraud or fraudulent means, statement or representations.

(c) A person is guilty of interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle when: (1) He puts into motion the engine of any motor vehicle while it is standing without the permission of the owner except that a property owner or his agent may remove any motor vehicle left without authorization on such owner's property in accordance with section 14-145; or (2) with intent and without right to do so, he damages any motor vehicle or damages or removes any of its parts or components.

(d) Using a motor vehicle or a vessel without the owner's permission or interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle is a class A misdemeanor for a first offense and a class D felony for each subsequent offense.

CREDIT(S)

(1973, P.A. 73-639, § 18; 1980, P.A. 80-292, § 10, eff. Oct. 1, 1980; 1980, P.A. 80-341, § 3; 1981, P.A. 81-351, § 2.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-120

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-120. Repealed. (1971, P.A. 871, § 129.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-121

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-121. Value of property or services

(a) For the purposes of this part, the value of property or services shall be ascertained as follows: (1) Except as otherwise specified in this section, value means the market value of the property or services at the time and place of the crime or, if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property or services within a reasonable time after the crime. (2) Whether or not they have been issued or delivered, written instruments, except those having a readily ascertainable market value such as some public and corporate bonds and securities, shall be evaluated as follows: (A) The value of an instrument constituting evidence of debt, such as a check, draft or promissory note, shall be deemed the amount due or collectible thereon, such figure ordinarily being the face amount of the indebtedness less any portion thereof which has been satisfied; (B) the value of any other instrument which creates, releases, discharges or otherwise affects any valuable legal right, privilege or obligation shall be deemed the greatest amount of economic loss which the owner of the instrument might reasonably suffer by virtue of the loss of the instrument. (3) When the value of property or services cannot be satisfactorily ascertained pursuant to the standards set forth in this section, its value shall be deemed to be an amount less than fifty dollars.

(b) Amounts included in thefts committed pursuant to one scheme or course of conduct, whether from the same person or several persons, may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 123, eff. Oct. 1, 1971.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-122

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-122. Larceny in the first degree: Class B felony

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the first degree when he commits larceny, as defined in section 53a-119, and: (1) The property or service, regardless of its nature and value, is obtained by extortion, (2) the value of the property or service exceeds twenty thousand dollars, (3) the property consists of a motor vehicle, the value of which exceeds twenty thousand dollars, or (4) the property is obtained by defrauding a public community, and the value of such property exceeds two thousand dollars.

(b) For purposes of this section, “motor vehicle” means any motor vehicle, construction equipment, agricultural tractor or farm implement or major component part of any of the above. In any prosecution under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section, evidence of (1) forcible entry, (2) forcible removal of ignition, or (3) alteration, mutilation or removal of a vehicle identification number shall be prima facie evidence (A) that the person in control or possession of such motor vehicle knows or should have known that such motor vehicle is stolen, and (B) that such person possesses such motor vehicle with larcenous intent.

(c) Larceny in the first degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 124, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1971, P.A. 871, § 25; 1973, P.A. 73-639, § 7; 1981, P.A. 81-248, § 1; 1981, P.A. 81-351, § 3; 1982, P.A. 82-271, § 1; 1986, P.A. 86-275, § 1; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 51; 2000, P.A. 00-103, § 1; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 1.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-123

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-123. Larceny in the second degree: Class C felony

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the second degree when he commits larceny, as defined in section 53a-119, and: (1) The property consists of a motor vehicle, the value of which exceeds ten thousand dollars, (2) the value of the property or service exceeds ten thousand dollars, (3) the property, regardless of its nature or value, is taken from the person of another, (4) the property is obtained by defrauding a public community, and the value of such property is two thousand dollars or less, (5) the property, regardless of its nature or value, is obtained by embezzlement, false pretenses or false promise and the victim of such larceny is sixty years of age or older or is blind or physically disabled, as defined in section 1-1f, or (6) the property, regardless of its value, consists of wire, cable or other equipment used in the provision of telecommunications service and the taking of such property causes an interruption in the provision of emergency telecommunications service.

(b) For purposes of this section, “motor vehicle” means any motor vehicle, construction equipment, agricultural tractor or farm implement or major component part of any of the above. In any prosecution under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, evidence of (1) forcible entry, (2) forcible removal of ignition, or (3) alteration, mutilation or removal of a vehicle identification number shall be prima facie evidence (A) that the person in control or possession of such motor vehicle knows or should have known that such motor vehicle is stolen, and (B) that such person possesses such motor vehicle with larcenous intent.

(c) Larceny in the second degree is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 125, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1971, P.A. 871, § 26; 1973, P.A. 73-639, § 8; 1981, P.A. 81-248, § 2; 1981, P.A. 81-263, § 2; 1981, P.A. 81-351, § 4; 1981, P.A. 81-472, § 152, eff. July 8, 1981; 1982, P.A. 82-271, § 2; 1986, P.A. 86-275, § 2; 1997, P.A. 97-180; 2000, P.A. 00-103, § 2; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 2; 2009, P.A. 09-243, § 1.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-124

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-124. Larceny in the third degree: Class D felony

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the third degree when he commits larceny, as defined in section 53a-119, and: (1) The property consists of a motor vehicle, the value of which is ten thousand dollars or less; (2) the value of the property or service exceeds two thousand dollars; (3) the property consists of a public record, writing or instrument kept, held or deposited according to law with or in the keeping of any public office or public servant; or (4) the property consists of a sample, culture, microorganism, specimen, record, recording, document, drawing or any other article, material, device or substance which constitutes, represents, evidences, reflects or records a secret scientific or technical process, invention or formula or any phase or part thereof. A process, invention or formula is “secret” when it is not, and is not intended to be, available to anyone other than the owner thereof or selected persons having access thereto for limited purposes with his consent, and when it accords or may accord the owner an advantage over competitors or other persons who do not have knowledge or the benefit thereof.

(b) For purposes of this section, “motor vehicle” means any motor vehicle, construction equipment, agricultural tractor or farm implement or major component part of any of the above. In any prosecution under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, evidence of (1) forcible entry, (2) forcible removal of ignition, or (3) alteration, mutilation or removal of a vehicle identification number shall be prima facie evidence (A) that the person in control or possession of such motor vehicle knows or should have known that such motor vehicle is stolen, and (B) that such person possesses such motor vehicle with larcenous intent.

(c) Larceny in the third degree is a class D felony.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 126, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1971, P.A. 871, § 27; 1973, P.A. 73-639, § 9; 1981, P.A. 81-248, § 3; 1982, P.A. 82-271, § 3; 1988, P.A. 88-170; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 52; 2000, P.A. 00-103, § 3; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 3.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-125

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-125. Larceny in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the fourth degree when he commits larceny as defined in section 53a-119 and the value of the property or service exceeds one thousand dollars.

(b) Larceny in the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 127, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1981, P.A. 81-248, § 4; 1982, P.A. 82-271, § 4; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 4.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-125a

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-125a. Larceny in the fifth degree: Class B misdemeanor

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the fifth degree when he commits larceny as defined in section 53a-119 and the value of the property or service exceeds five hundred dollars.

(b) Larceny in the fifth degree is a class B misdemeanor.

CREDIT(S)

(1982, P.A. 82-271, § 5; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 5.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-125b

Effective: October 1, 2009

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-125b. Larceny in the sixth degree: Class C misdemeanor

(a) A person is guilty of larceny in the sixth degree when he commits larceny as defined in section 53a-119 and the value of the property or service is five hundred dollars or less.

(b) Larceny in the sixth degree is a class C misdemeanor.

CREDIT(S)

(1982, P.A. 82-271, § 6; 2009, P.A. 09-138, § 6.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-126

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-126. Repealed. (1971, P.A. 871, § 129.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-126a

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-126a. Criminal trover in the first degree: Class D felony, first offense; class C felony, subsequent offense

(a) A person is guilty of criminal trover in the first degree when he forcibly enters or forcibly removes the ignition of the motor vehicle of another and uses the motor vehicle without the consent of such owner, and such use results in damage to or diminishes the value of such motor vehicle or subjects such owner to economic loss, fine or other penalty.

(b) Criminal trover in the first degree is a class D felony for a first offense and a class C felony for each subsequent offense.

CREDIT(S)

(1994, P.A. 94-114, § 1.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-126b

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-126b. Criminal trover in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor

(a) A person is guilty of criminal trover in the second degree when, knowing that such person is not licensed or privileged to do so, such person uses the personal property of another without the consent of such owner, and such use results in damage to or diminishes the value of such property or subjects such owner to economic loss, fine or other penalty.

(b) For the purposes of this section, “economic loss” includes uncompensated economic loss that exceeds five hundred dollars suffered by an owner of personal property who is engaged in the business of renting or leasing personal property when a person to whom such owner has rented or leased such property pursuant to a written agreement providing for the return of such property at a specified time fails to return such property within one hundred twenty hours after the owner sends a written demand to such person for the return of such property by registered mail addressed to such person at such person's address as shown in the written agreement, unless a more recent address is known to the owner. Acknowledgment of the receipt of such written demand by such person shall not be necessary to establish that one hundred twenty hours have passed since such written demand was sent. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to personal property that is rented or leased (1) for personal, family or household purposes, or (2) pursuant to chapter 743i. [FN1]

(c) Criminal trover in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.

CREDIT(S)

(1994, P.A. 94-114, § 2; 2006, P.A. 06-118, § 1.)

[FN1] C.G.S.A. § 42-240 et seq.

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-127

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-127. Diversion from state of benefit of labor of employees: Class A misdemeanor

(a) A person is guilty of diversion from the state of benefit of labor of employees when he fraudulently procures for himself or another, from any employee of the state or any department thereof, the benefit of any labor which the state or any department thereof is entitled to receive from such employee during his hours of employment or fraudulently aids or assists in procuring or attempting to procure the benefit of any such labor.

(b) Diversion from the state of benefit of labor of employees is a class A misdemeanor.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 129, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 53.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-133

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-133. Robbery defined

A person commits robbery when, in the course of committing a larceny, he uses or threatens the immediate use of physical force upon another person for the purpose of: (1) Preventing or overcoming resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking; or (2) compelling the owner of such property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the larceny.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 135, eff. Oct. 1, 1971.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-134

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-134. Robbery in the first degree: Class B felony

(a) A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree when, in the course of the commission of the crime of robbery as defined in section 53a-133 or of immediate flight therefrom, he or another participant in the crime: (1) Causes serious physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime; or (2) is armed with a deadly weapon; or (3) uses or threatens the use of a dangerous instrument; or (4) displays or threatens the use of what he represents by his words or conduct to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm, except that in any prosecution under this subdivision, it is an affirmative defense that such pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm was not a weapon from which a shot could be discharged. Nothing contained in this subdivision shall constitute a defense to a prosecution for, or preclude a conviction of, robbery in the second degree, robbery in the third degree or any other crime.

(b) Robbery in the first degree is a class B felony provided any person found guilty under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 136, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1975, P.A. 75-411, § 1; 1980, P.A. 80-442, § 22, eff. July 1, 1981; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 58.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-135

Effective: October 1, 2012

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-135. Robbery in the second degree: Class C felony

(a) A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree when such person (1) commits robbery, as defined in section 53a-133, and (A) is aided by another person actually present; or (B) in the course of the commission of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom, such person or another participant in the crime displays or threatens the use of what such person represents by such person's words or conduct to be a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument; or (2) in the course of committing a larceny while on the premises of a bank, Connecticut credit union or federal credit union, as those terms are defined in section 36a-2, intimidates an employee of the bank, Connecticut credit union or federal credit union by intentionally engaging in conduct that causes another person to reasonably fear for his or her physical safety or the physical safety of another for the purpose of: (A) Preventing or overcoming resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking of the property; or (B) compelling the owner of such property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the larceny.

(b) Robbery in the second degree is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 137, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1975, P.A. 75-411, § 2; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 59; 2012, P.A. 12-186, § 1.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-136

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-136. Robbery in the third degree: Class D felony

(a) A person is guilty of robbery in the third degree when he commits robbery as defined in section 53a-133.

(b) Robbery in the third degree is a class D felony.

CREDIT(S)

(1969, P.A. 828, § 138, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; 1992, P.A. 92-260, § 60.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

C.G.S.A. § 53a-136a

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Connecticut General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 53A. Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 952. Penal Code: Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Part IX. Larceny, Robbery and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 53a-136a. Robbery involving occupied motor vehicle. Penalty

Any person who commits robbery by taking a motor vehicle from the person of another knowing that such motor vehicle is occupied by such other person shall be imprisoned for a term of three years which shall not be suspended and shall be in addition and consecutive to any term of imprisonment imposed for such offense.

CREDIT(S)

(1993, P.A. 93-204.)

Current with Public Acts enrolled and approved by the Governor on or before June 1, 2013 and effective on or before July 1, 2013

T. C. A. § 39-13-401

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Tennessee Code Annotated Currentness

Title 39. Criminal Offenses

Chapter 13. Offenses Against Person (Refs & Annos)

Part 4. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 39-13-401. Robbery

(a) Robbery is the intentional or knowing theft of property from the person of another by violence or putting the person in fear.

(b) Robbery is a Class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

1989 Pub.Acts, c. 591, § 1; 1990 Pub.Acts, c. 1030, § 16.

Current with laws from the 2013 First Reg. Sess., eff. through April 16, 2013

T. C. A. § 39-13-402

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Tennessee Code Annotated Currentness

Title 39. Criminal Offenses

Chapter 13. Offenses Against Person (Refs & Annos)

Part 4. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 39-13-402. Aggravated robbery

(a) Aggravated robbery is robbery as defined in § 39-13-401:

(1) Accomplished with a deadly weapon or by display of any article used or fashioned to lead the victim to reasonably believe it to be a deadly weapon; or

(2) Where the victim suffers serious bodily injury.

(b) Aggravated robbery is a Class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

1989 Pub.Acts, c. 591, § 1.

Current with laws from the 2013 First Reg. Sess., eff. through April 16, 2013

T. C. A. § 39-13-403

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Tennessee Code Annotated Currentness

Title 39. Criminal Offenses

Chapter 13. Offenses Against Person (Refs & Annos)

Part 4. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 39-13-403. Especially aggravated robbery

(a) Especially aggravated robbery is robbery as defined in § 39-13-401:

(1) Accomplished with a deadly weapon; and

(2) Where the victim suffers serious bodily injury.

(b) Especially aggravated robbery is a Class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

1989 Pub.Acts, c. 591, § 1.

Current with laws from the 2013 First Reg. Sess., eff. through April 16, 2013

T. C. A. § 39-13-404

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Tennessee Code Annotated Currentness

Title 39. Criminal Offenses

Chapter 13. Offenses Against Person (Refs & Annos)

Part 4. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 39-13-404. Carjacking

(a) “Carjacking” is the intentional or knowing taking of a motor vehicle from the possession of another by use of:

(1) A deadly weapon; or

(2) Force or intimidation.

(b) Carjacking is a Class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

1995 Pub.Acts, c. 331, § 1, eff. July 1, 1995.

Current with laws from the 2013 First Reg. Sess., eff. through April 16, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 813.01

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 813. Robbery [Repealed; Renumbered]

813.01. Repealed by Laws 1953, c. 28217, § 2

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 813.011

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 813. Robbery [Repealed; Renumbered]

813.011. Renumbered as 812.13 in Fla.St.1974, Supp.

See, now, F.S.A. § 812.13

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 813.02

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 813. Robbery [Repealed; Renumbered]

813.02. Repealed by Laws 1953, c. 28217, § 2

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 812. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (Refs & Annos)

812.13. Robbery

(1) “Robbery” means the taking of money or other property which may be the subject of larceny from the person or custody of another, with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the person or the owner of the money or other property, when in the course of the taking there is the use of force, violence, assault, or putting in fear.

(2)(a) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried a firearm or other deadly weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life imprisonment or as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried a weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried no firearm, deadly weapon, or other weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)(a) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing the robbery” if it occurs in an attempt to commit robbery or in flight after the attempt or commission.

(b) An act shall be deemed “in the course of the taking” if it occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1953, c. 28217, § 1; Laws 1955, c. 29930, § 1; Laws 1971, c. 71-136, § 839; Fla.St. 1973, § 813.011; Laws 1974, c. 74-383, § 38; Laws 1975, c. 75-298, § 29; Laws 1987, c. 87-315, § 1; Laws 1992, c. 92-155, § 1.

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 812.131

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 812. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (Refs & Annos)

812.131. Robbery by sudden snatching

(1) “Robbery by sudden snatching” means the taking of money or other property from the victim's person, with intent to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim or the owner of the money or other property, when, in the course of the taking, the victim was or became aware of the taking. In order to satisfy this definition, it is not necessary to show that:

(a) The offender used any amount of force beyond that effort necessary to obtain possession of the money or other property; or

(b) There was any resistance offered by the victim to the offender or that there was injury to the victim's person.

(2)(a) If, in the course of committing a robbery by sudden snatching, the offender carried a firearm or other deadly weapon, the robbery by sudden snatching is a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b) If, in the course of committing a robbery by sudden snatching, the offender carried no firearm or other deadly weapon, the robbery by sudden snatching is a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)(a) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing a robbery by sudden snatching” if the act occurs in an attempt to commit robbery by sudden snatching or in fleeing after the attempt or commission.

(b) An act shall be deemed “in the course of the taking” if the act occurs prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if such act and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1999, c. 99-175, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 1999.

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 812.133

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 812. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (Refs & Annos)

812.133. Carjacking

(1) “Carjacking” means the taking of a motor vehicle which may be the subject of larceny from the person or custody of another, with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the person or the owner of the motor vehicle, when in the course of the taking there is the use of force, violence, assault, or putting in fear.

(2)(a) If in the course of committing the carjacking the offender carried a firearm or other deadly weapon, then the carjacking is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life imprisonment or as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b) If in the course of committing the carjacking the offender carried no firearm, deadly weapon, or other weapon, then the carjacking is a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)(a) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing the carjacking” if it occurs in an attempt to commit carjacking or in flight after the attempt or commission.

(b) An act shall be deemed “in the course of the taking” if it occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1993, c. 93-212, § 1.

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 812.135

Effective: June 10, 2004

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 812. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (Refs & Annos)

812.135. Home-invasion robbery

(1) “Home-invasion robbery” means any robbery that occurs when the offender enters a dwelling with the intent to commit a robbery, and does commit a robbery of the occupants therein.

(2)(a) If in the course of committing the home-invasion robbery the person carries a firearm or other deadly weapon, the person commits a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life imprisonment as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b) If in the course of committing the home-invasion robbery the person carries a weapon, the person commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c) If in the course of committing the home-invasion robbery the person carries no firearm, deadly weapon, or other weapon, the person commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1993, c. 93-212, § 2. Amended by Laws 2004, c. 2004-290, § 1, eff. June 10, 2004.

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

West's F.S.A. § 812.14

Effective: October 1, 2009

West's Florida Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title XLVI. Crimes (Chapters 775-899)

Chapter 812. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (Refs & Annos)

812.14. Trespass and larceny with relation to utility fixtures; theft of utility services

(1) As used in this section, “utility” includes any person, firm, corporation, association, or political subdivision, whether private, municipal, county, or cooperative, which is engaged in the sale, generation, provision, or delivery of gas, electricity, heat, water, oil, sewer service, telephone service, telegraph service, radio service, or telecommunication service.

(2) It is unlawful to:

(a) Willfully alter, tamper with, injure, or knowingly suffer to be injured any meter, meter seal, pipe, conduit, wire, line, cable, transformer, amplifier, or other apparatus or device belonging to a utility line service in such a manner as to cause loss or damage or to prevent any meter installed for registering electricity, gas, or water from registering the quantity which otherwise would pass through the same; to alter the index or break the seal of any such meter; in any way to hinder or interfere with the proper action or just registration of any such meter or device; or knowingly to use, waste, or suffer the waste, by any means, of electricity or gas or water passing through any such meter, wire, pipe, or fitting, or other appliance or appurtenance connected with or belonging to any such utility, after such meter, wire, pipe or fitting, or other appliance or appurtenance has been tampered with, injured, or altered.

(b) Make or cause to be made any connection with any wire, main, service pipe or other pipes, appliance, or appurtenance in such manner as to use, without the consent of the utility, any service or any electricity, gas, or water, or to cause to be supplied any service or electricity, gas, or water from a utility to any person, firm, or corporation or any lamp, burner, orifice, faucet, or other outlet whatsoever, without such service being reported for payment or such electricity, gas, or water passing through a meter provided by the utility and used for measuring and registering the quantity of electricity, gas, or water passing through the same.

(c) Use or receive the direct benefit from the use of a utility knowing, or under such circumstances as would induce a reasonable person to believe, that such direct benefits have resulted from any tampering with, altering of, or injury to any connection, wire, conductor, meter, pipe, conduit, line, cable, transformer, amplifier, or other apparatus or device owned, operated, or controlled by such utility, for the purpose of avoiding payment.

(3) The presence on property in the actual possession of a person of any device or alteration that affects the diversion or use of the services of a utility so as to avoid the registration of such use by or on a meter installed by the utility or so as to otherwise avoid the reporting of use of such service for payment is prima facie evidence of the violation of this section by such person; however, this presumption does not apply unless:

(a) The presence of such a device or alteration can be attributed only to a deliberate act in furtherance of an intent to avoid payment for utility services;

(b) The person charged has received the direct benefit of the reduction of the cost of such utility services; and

(c) The customer or recipient of the utility services has received the direct benefit of such utility service for at least one full billing cycle.

(4) Any person who willfully violates paragraph (2)(a), paragraph (2)(b), or paragraph (2)(c) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(5) It is unlawful for a person or entity that owns, leases, or subleases a property to permit a tenant or occupant to use utility services knowing, or under such circumstances as would induce a reasonable person to believe, that such utility services have been connected in violation of paragraph (2)(a), paragraph (2)(b), or paragraph (2)(c).

(6) It is prima facie evidence of a person's intent to violate subsection (5) if:

(a) A controlled substance and materials for manufacturing the controlled substance intended for sale or distribution to another were found in a dwelling or structure;

(b) The dwelling or structure has been visibly modified to accommodate the use of equipment to grow marijuana indoors, including, but not limited to, the installation of equipment to provide additional air conditioning, equipment to provide high-wattage lighting, or equipment for hydroponic cultivation; and

(c) The person or entity that owned, leased, or subleased the dwelling or structure knew of, or did so under such circumstances as would induce a reasonable person to believe in, the presence of a controlled substance and materials for manufacturing a controlled substance in the dwelling or structure, regardless of whether the person or entity was involved in the manufacture or sale of a controlled substance or was in actual possession of the dwelling or structure.

(7) A person who willfully violates subsection (5) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. Prosecution for a violation of subsection (5) does not preclude prosecution for theft under subsection (8) or s. 812.014.

(8) Theft of utility services for the purpose of facilitating the manufacture of a controlled substance is a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(9) It is prima facie evidence of a person's intent to violate subsection (8) if:

(a) The person committed theft of utility services resulting in a dwelling, as defined in s. 810.011, or a structure, as defined in s. 810.011, receiving unauthorized access to utility services;

(b) A controlled substance and materials for manufacturing the controlled substance were found in the dwelling or structure; and

(c) The person knew of the presence of the controlled substance and materials for manufacturing the controlled substance in the dwelling or structure, regardless of whether the person was involved in the manufacture of the controlled substance.

(10) Whoever is found in a civil action to have violated the provisions of this section is liable to the utility involved in an amount equal to 3 times the amount of services unlawfully obtained or $1,000, whichever is greater.

(11) This section does not apply to licensed and certified electrical contractors while performing usual and ordinary service in accordance with recognized standards.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1976, c. 76-164, § 1; Laws 1978, c. 78-262, § 1; Laws 1979, c. 79-163, § 7; Laws 1979, c. 79-294, § 1; Laws 1986, c. 86-173, § 1; Laws 1991, c. 91-224, § 191; Laws 1992, c. 92-155, § 2. Amended by Laws 2009, c. 2009-159, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 2009.

Current with chapters in effect from the 2013 1st Reg. Sess. of the 23rd Legislature through May 20, 2013

R.C. § 2907.15

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2907. Sex Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Sexual Assaults

2907.15 Restitution from offender's government deferred compensation program or public retirement system

(A) As used in this section:

(1) “Public retirement system” means the public employees retirement system, state teachers retirement system, school employees retirement system, Ohio police and fire pension fund, state highway patrol retirement system, or a municipal retirement system of a municipal corporation of this state.

(2) “Government deferred compensation program” means such a program offered by the Ohio public employees deferred compensation board; a municipal corporation; or a governmental unit, as defined in section 148.06 of the Revised Code.

(3) “Deferred compensation program participant” means a “participating employee” or “continuing member,” as defined in section 148.01 of the Revised Code, or any other public employee who has funds in a government deferred compensation program.

(4) “Alternative retirement plan” means an alternative retirement plan provided pursuant to Chapter 3305. of the Revised Code.

(5) “Prosecutor” has the same meaning as in section 2935.01 of the Revised Code.

In any case in which a sentencing court orders restitution to the victim under section 2929.18 or 2929.28 of the Revised Code for a violation of section 2907.02, 2907.03, 2907.04, or 2907.05 of the Revised Code and in which the offender is a government deferred compensation program participant, is an electing employee, as defined in section 3305.01 of the Revised Code, or is a member of, or receiving a pension, benefit, or allowance, other than a survivorship benefit, from, a public retirement system and committed the offense against a child, student, patient, or other person with whom the offender had contact in the context of the offender's public employment, at the request of the victim the prosecutor shall file a motion with the sentencing court specifying the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system and requesting that the court issue an order requiring the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system to withhold the amount required as restitution from one or more of the following: any payment to be made from a government deferred compensation program, any payment or benefit under an alternative retirement plan, or under a pension, annuity, allowance, or any other benefit, other than a survivorship benefit, that has been or is in the future granted to the offender; from any payment of accumulated employee contributions standing to the offender's credit with the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system; or from any payment of any other amounts to be paid to the offender pursuant to Chapter 145., 148., 742., 3307., 3309., or 5505. of the Revised Code on withdrawal of contributions. The motion may be filed at any time subsequent to the conviction of the offender or entry of a guilty plea. On the filing of the motion, the clerk of the court in which the motion is filed shall notify the offender and the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system, in writing, of all of the following: that the motion was filed; that the offender will be granted a hearing on the issuance of the requested order if the offender files a written request for a hearing with the clerk prior to the expiration of thirty days after the offender receives the notice; that, if a hearing is requested, the court will schedule a hearing as soon as possible and notify the offender and the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system of the date, time, and place of the hearing; that, if a hearing is conducted, it will be limited to a consideration of whether the offender can show good cause why the order should not be issued; that, if a hearing is conducted, the court will not issue the order if the court determines, based on evidence presented at the hearing by the offender, that there is good cause for the order not to be issued; that the court will issue the order if a hearing is not requested or if a hearing is conducted but the court does not determine, based on evidence presented at the hearing by the offender, that there is good cause for the order not to be issued; and that, if the order is issued, the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system specified in the motion will be required to withhold the amount required as restitution from payments to the offender.

(B) In any case in which a motion requesting the issuance of a withholding order as described in division (A) of this section is filed, the offender may receive a hearing on the motion by delivering a written request for a hearing to the court prior to the expiration of thirty days after the offender's receipt of the notice provided pursuant to division (A) of this section. If the offender requests a hearing within the prescribed time, the court shall schedule a hearing as soon as possible after the request is made and notify the offender and the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system of the date, time, and place of the hearing. A hearing scheduled under this division shall be limited to a consideration of whether there is good cause, based on evidence presented by the offender, for the requested order not to be issued. If the court determines, based on evidence presented by the offender, that there is good cause for the order not to be issued, the court shall deny the motion and shall not issue the order. Good cause for not issuing the order includes a determination by the court that the order would severely impact the offender's ability to support the offender's dependents.

If the offender does not request a hearing within the prescribed time or the court conducts a hearing but does not determine, based on evidence presented by the offender, that there is good cause for the order not to be issued, the court shall order the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system to withhold the amount required as restitution from one or more of the following: any payments to be made from a government deferred compensation program, any payment or benefit under an alternative retirement plan, or under a pension, annuity, allowance, or under any other benefit, other than a survivorship benefit, that has been or is in the future granted to the offender; from any payment of accumulated employee contributions standing to the offender's credit with the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system; or from any payment of any other amounts to be paid to the offender upon withdrawal of contributions pursuant to Chapter 145., 148., 742., 3307., 3309., or 5505. of the Revised Code and to continue the withholding for that purpose, in accordance with the order, out of each payment to be made on or after the date of issuance of the order, until further order of the court. On receipt of an order issued under this division, the government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system shall withhold the amount required as restitution, in accordance with the order, from any such payments and immediately forward the amount withheld to the clerk of the court in which the order was issued for payment to the person to whom restitution is to be made. The order shall not apply to any portion of payments made from a government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system to a person other than the offender pursuant to a previously issued domestic court order.

(C) Service of a notice required by division (A) or (B) of this section shall be effected in the same manner as provided in the Rules of Civil Procedure for the service of process.

(D) Upon the filing of charges under section 2907.02, 2907.03, 2907.04, or 2907.05 of the Revised Code against a person who is a deferred compensation program participant, an electing employee participating in an alternative retirement plan, or a member of, or receiving a pension benefit, or allowance, other than a survivorship benefit, from a public retirement system for an offense against a child, student, patient, or other person with whom the offender had contact in the context of the offender's public employment, the prosecutor shall send written notice that charges have been filed against that person to the appropriate government deferred compensation program, alternative retirement plan, or public retirement system. The notice shall specifically identify the person charged.

CREDIT(S)

(2002 H 490, eff. 1-1-04; 2000 H 535, eff. 4-1-01; 2000 H 628, eff. 9-21-00; 1999 H 222, eff. 11-2-99; 1996 H 668, eff. 12-6-96)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2907.17

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2907. Sex Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Sexual Assaults

2907.17 Notice to licensing board or agency upon indictment of mental health professional

If a mental health professional is indicted or charged and bound over to the court of common pleas for trial for an alleged violation of division (A)(10) of section 2907.03 or division (A)(5) of section 2907.06 of the Revised Code, the prosecuting attorney handling the case shall send written notice of the indictment or the charge and bind over to the regulatory or licensing board or agency, if any, that has the administrative authority to suspend or revoke the mental health professional's professional license, certification, registration, or authorization.

CREDIT(S)

(2002 S 9, eff. 5-14-02)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2907.171

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2907. Sex Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Sexual Assaults

2907.171 Effect of failure to give notice

The failure of the prosecuting attorney to give the notice required by section 2907.17 of the Revised Code does not give rise to a claim for damages against the prosecuting attorney or the county. The failure of the prosecuting attorney to give the notice does not constitute grounds for declaring a mistrial or new trial, for setting aside a conviction or sentence, or for granting postconviction relief to a defendant.

CREDIT(S)

(2002 S 9, eff. 5-14-02)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2907.18

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2907. Sex Offenses (Refs & Annos)

Sexual Assaults

2907.18 Notice to licensing board or agency upon conviction or guilty plea of mental health professional

If a mental health professional is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of division (A)(10) of section 2907.03 or division (A)(5) of section 2907.06 of the Revised Code, the court shall transmit a certified copy of the judgment entry of conviction to the regulatory or licensing board or agency, if any, that has the administrative authority to suspend or revoke the mental health professional's professional license, certification, registration, or authorization.

CREDIT(S)

(2002 S 9, eff. 5-14-02)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.01

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.01 Aggravated robbery

(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense, as defined in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code, or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following:

(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control and either display the weapon, brandish it, indicate that the offender possesses it, or use it;

(2) Have a dangerous ordnance on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control;

(3) Inflict, or attempt to inflict, serious physical harm on another.

(B) No person, without privilege to do so, shall knowingly remove or attempt to remove a deadly weapon from the person of a law enforcement officer, or shall knowingly deprive or attempt to deprive a law enforcement officer of a deadly weapon, when both of the following apply:

(1) The law enforcement officer, at the time of the removal, attempted removal, deprivation, or attempted deprivation, is acting within the course and scope of the officer's duties;

(2) The offender knows or has reasonable cause to know that the law enforcement officer is a law enforcement officer.

(C) Whoever violates this section is guilty of aggravated robbery, a felony of the first degree.

(D) As used in this section:

(1) “Deadly weapon” and “dangerous ordnance” have the same meanings as in section 2923.11 of the Revised Code.

(2) “Law enforcement officer” has the same meaning as in section 2901.01 of the Revised Code and also includes employees of the department of rehabilitation and correction who are authorized to carry weapons within the course and scope of their duties.

CREDIT(S)

(1997 H 151, eff. 9-16-97; 1995 S 2, eff. 7-1-96; 1983 S 210, eff. 7-1-83; 1982 H 269, § 4, S 199; 1972 H 511)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.02

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.02 Robbery

(A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or offense, shall do any of the following:

(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender's person or under the offender's control;

(2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on another;

(3) Use or threaten the immediate use of force against another.

(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of robbery. A violation of division (A)(1) or (2) of this section is a felony of the second degree. A violation of division (A)(3) of this section is a felony of the third degree.

(C) As used in this section:

(1) “Deadly weapon” has the same meaning as in section 2923.11 of the Revised Code.

(2) “Theft offense” has the same meaning as in section 2913.01 of the Revised Code.

CREDIT(S)

(1996 S 269, eff. 7-1-96; 1995 S 2, eff. 7-1-96; 1982 H 269, § 4, eff. 7-1-83; 1982 S 199; 1972 H 511)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.03

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.04

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.05

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.06

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.07

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.08

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.09

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.03 to 2911.09 False statements; stock brokers--Repealed

CREDIT(S)

(1972 H 511, eff. 1-1-74; 126 v 575; 1953 H 1; GC 13105-1, 13108, 13108-1, 13108-2, 13108-3, 13108-4, 13108-5)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

R.C. § 2911.10

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated Currentness

Title XXIX. Crimes--Procedure (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 2911. Robbery, Burglary, and Trespass (Refs & Annos)

Robbery

2911.10 Element of trespass defined

As used in sections 2911.11 to 2911.13 of the Revised Code, the element of trespass refers to a violation of section 2911.21 of the Revised Code.

CREDIT(S)

(2006 H 96, eff. 8-3-06)

Current through 2013 File 11 of the 130th GA (2013-2014).

A.R.S. T. 13, Ch. 19, Refs & Annos

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code

Chapter 19. Robbery

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1901

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 13-1901. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. “Force” means any physical act directed against a person as a means of gaining control of property.

2. “In the course of committing” includes any of the defendant's acts beginning with the initiation and extending through the flight from a robbery.

3. “Property of another” means property of another as defined in § 13-1801.

4. “Threat” means a verbal or physical menace of imminent physical injury to a person.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, § 73, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 1978, Ch. 164, § 8, eff. Oct. 1, 1978; Laws 1980, Ch. 229, § 21, eff. April 23, 1980.

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1902

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 13-1902. Robbery; classification

A. A person commits robbery if in the course of taking any property of another from his person or immediate presence and against his will, such person threatens or uses force against any person with intent either to coerce surrender of property or to prevent resistance to such person taking or retaining property.

B. Robbery is a class 4 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, § 73, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1903

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 13-1903. Aggravated robbery; classification

A. A person commits aggravated robbery if in the course of committing robbery as defined in § 13-1902, such person is aided by one or more accomplices actually present.

B. Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, § 73, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1904

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 13-1904. Armed robbery; classification

A. A person commits armed robbery if, in the course of committing robbery as defined in § 13-1902, such person or an accomplice:

1. Is armed with a deadly weapon or a simulated deadly weapon; or

2. Uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument or a simulated deadly weapon.

B. Armed robbery is a class 2 felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, § 73, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 1983, Ch. 129, § 1.

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1905

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§§ 13-1905, 13-1906. Renumbered as §§ 13-4115, 13-4116

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

A.R.S. § 13-1906

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 13. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 19. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§§ 13-1905, 13-1906. Renumbered as §§ 13-4115, 13-4116

<Title 13, the revised Criminal Code, consisting of Chapters 1 to 33, 35, 35.1, and 36 to 38, was adopted by Laws 1977, Ch. 142, §§ 1 to 178, effective October 1, 1978, Laws 1978, Ch. 200, § 3, effective October 1, 1978, and Laws 1978, Ch. 215, § 3, effective October 1, 1978.>

Current through legislation effective May 7, 2013 of the First Regular Session of the Fifty-first Legislature (2013)

McKinney's Penal Law § 160.00

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated Currentness

Penal Law (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 40. Of the Consolidated Laws (Refs & Annos)

Part Three. Specific Offenses

Title J. Offenses Involving Theft

Article 160. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 160.00 Robbery; defined

Robbery is forcible stealing. A person forcibly steals property and commits robbery when, in the course of committing a larceny, he uses or threatens the immediate use of physical force upon another person for the purpose of:

1. Preventing or overcoming resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking; or

2. Compelling the owner of such property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the larceny.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1965, c. 1030.)

Current through L.2013, chapter 28.

McKinney's Penal Law § 160.05

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated Currentness

Penal Law (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 40. Of the Consolidated Laws (Refs & Annos)

Part Three. Specific Offenses

Title J. Offenses Involving Theft

Article 160. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 160.05 Robbery in the third degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the third degree when he forcibly steals property.

Robbery in the third degree is a class D felony.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1965, c. 1030.)

Current through L.2013, chapter 28.

McKinney's Penal Law § 160.10

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated Currentness

Penal Law (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 40. Of the Consolidated Laws (Refs & Annos)

Part Three. Specific Offenses

Title J. Offenses Involving Theft

Article 160. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 160.10 Robbery in the second degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree when he forcibly steals property and when:

1. He is aided by another person actually present; or

2. In the course of the commission of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom, he or another participant in the crime:

(a) Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime; or

(b) Displays what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm; or

3. The property consists of a motor vehicle, as defined in section one hundred twenty-five of the vehicle and traffic law.

Robbery in the second degree is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1965, c. 1030. Amended L.1969, c. 1012, § 3; L.1973, c. 374, § 3; L.1995, c. 308, § 1.)

Current through L.2013, chapter 28.

McKinney's Penal Law § 160.15

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated Currentness

Penal Law (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 40. Of the Consolidated Laws (Refs & Annos)

Part Three. Specific Offenses

Title J. Offenses Involving Theft

Article 160. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 160.15 Robbery in the first degree

A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree when he forcibly steals property and when, in the course of the commission of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom, he or another participant in the crime:

1. Causes serious physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime; or

2. Is armed with a deadly weapon; or

3. Uses or threatens the immediate use of a dangerous instrument; or

4. Displays what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm; except that in any prosecution under this subdivision, it is an affirmative defense that such pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm was not a loaded weapon from which a shot, readily capable of producing death or other serious physical injury, could be discharged. Nothing contained in this subdivision shall constitute a defense to a prosecution for, or preclude a conviction of, robbery in the second degree, robbery in the third degree or any other crime.

Robbery in the first degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1965, c. 1030. Amended L.1967, c. 791, § 22; L.1969, c. 1012, § 4; L.1973, c. 374, § 4.)

Current through L.2013, chapter 28.

N.J.S.A. 2C:15-1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

New Jersey Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 2C. The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 2. Definition of Specific Offenses

Part 1. Offenses Involving Danger to the Person

Chapter 15. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

2C:15-1. Robbery

a. Robbery defined. A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he:

(1) Inflicts bodily injury or uses force upon another; or

(2) Threatens another with or purposely puts him in fear of immediate bodily injury; or

(3) Commits or threatens immediately to commit any crime of the first or second degree.

An act shall be deemed to be included in the phrase “in the course of committing a theft” if it occurs in an attempt to commit theft or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission.

b. Grading. Robbery is a crime of the second degree, except that it is a crime of the first degree if in the course of committing the theft the actor attempts to kill anyone, or purposely inflicts or attempts to inflict serious bodily injury, or is armed with, or uses or threatens the immediate use of a deadly weapon.

CREDIT(S)

L.1979, c. 178, § 28, eff. Sept. 1, 1979. Amended by L.1981, c. 22, § 1, eff. Feb. 6, 1981.

Current with laws effective through L.2013, c. 50, 52-59 and J.R. No. 8.

N.J.S.A. 2C:15-2

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

New Jersey Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 2C. The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice (Refs & Annos)

Subtitle 2. Definition of Specific Offenses

Part 1. Offenses Involving Danger to the Person

Chapter 15. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

2C:15-2. Carjacking

a. Carjacking defined. A person is guilty of carjacking if in the course of committing an unlawful taking of a motor vehicle, as defined in R.S.39:1-1, or in an attempt to commit an unlawful taking of a motor vehicle he:

(1) inflicts bodily injury or uses force upon an occupant or person in possession or control of a motor vehicle;

(2) threatens an occupant or person in control with, or purposely or knowingly puts an occupant or person in control of the motor vehicle in fear of, immediate bodily injury;

(3) commits or threatens immediately to commit any crime of the first or second degree; or

(4) operates or causes said vehicle to be operated with the person who was in possession or control or was an occupant of the motor vehicle at the time of the taking remaining in the vehicle.

An act shall be deemed to be “in the course of committing an unlawful taking of a motor vehicle” if it occurs during an attempt to commit the unlawful taking of a motor vehicle or during an immediate flight after the attempt or commission.

b. Grading. Carjacking is a crime of the first degree and upon conviction thereof a person may, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:43-6, be sentenced to an ordinary term of imprisonment between 10 and 30 years. A person convicted of carjacking shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment and that term of imprisonment shall include the imposition of a minimum term of at least five years during which the defendant shall be ineligible for parole.

CREDIT(S)

L.1993, c. 221, § 1, eff. Aug. 4, 1993.

Current with laws effective through L.2013, c. 50, 52-59 and J.R. No. 8.

N.J.S.A. T. 2C, Subt. 2, Pt. 1, Ch. 16, Refs & Annos

New Jersey Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 2C. The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice

Subtitle 2. Definition of Specific Offenses

Part 1. Offenses Involving Danger to the Person

Chapter 16. Bias Crimes

Current with laws effective through L.2013, c. 50, 52-59 and J.R. No. 8.

M.G.L.A. 265 § 17

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Massachusetts General Laws Annotated Currentness

Part IV. Crimes, Punishments and Proceedings in Criminal Cases (Ch. 263-280)

Title I. Crimes and Punishments (Ch. 263-274)

Chapter 265. Crimes Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

§ 17. Armed robbery; punishment

Whoever, being armed with a dangerous weapon, assaults another and robs, steals or takes from his person money or other property which may be the subject of larceny shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years; provided, however, that any person who commits any offence described herein while masked or disguised or while having his features artificially distorted shall, for the first offence be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years and for any subsequent offence for not less than ten years. Whoever commits any offense described herein while armed with a firearm, shotgun, rifle, machine gun or assault weapon shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than five years. Any person who commits a subsequent offense while armed with a firearm, shotgun, rifle, machine gun or assault weapon shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than 15 years.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by St.1943, c. 250, § 1; St.1952, c. 406, § 1; St.1998, c. 180, § 50.

Current through Chapter 20 of the 2013 1st Annual Session

M.G.L.A. 265 § 19

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Massachusetts General Laws Annotated Currentness

Part IV. Crimes, Punishments and Proceedings in Criminal Cases (Ch. 263-280)

Title I. Crimes and Punishments (Ch. 263-274)

Chapter 265. Crimes Against the Person (Refs & Annos)

§ 19. Robbery by unarmed person; punishment; victim sixty or older; minimum sentence for repeat offenders

(a) Whoever, not being armed with a dangerous weapon, by force and violence, or by assault and putting in fear, robs, steals or takes from the person of a person sixty years or older, or from his immediate control, money or other property which may be the subject of larceny, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years.

Whoever, after having been convicted of said crime, commits a second or subsequent such crime, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than two years. Said sentence shall not be reduced until two years of said sentence have been served nor shall the person convicted be eligible for probation, parole, furlough, work release or receive any deduction from his sentence for good conduct until he shall have served two years of such sentence; provided, however, that the commissioner of correction may, on the recommendation of the warden, superintendent, or other person in charge of a correctional institution, or the administrator of a county correctional institution, grant to said offender a temporary release in the custody of an officer of such institution for the following purposes only: to attend the funeral of next of kin or spouse; to visit a critically ill close relative or spouse; or to obtain emergency medical services unavailable at said institution. The provisions of section eighty-seven of chapter two hundred and seventy-six relative to the power of the court to place certain offenders on probation shall not apply to any person seventeen years of age or over charged with a violation of this subsection.

(b) Whoever, not being armed with a dangerous weapon, by force and violence, or by assault and putting in fear, robs, steals or takes from the person of another, or from his immediate control, money or other property which may be the subject of larceny, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any term of years.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by St.1981, c. 678, § 4; St.1995, c. 297, § 8.

Current through Chapter 20 of the 2013 1st Annual Session

N.C.G.S.A. Ch. 14, Subch. V, Art. 17, Refs & Annos

 

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. § 14-87

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 14-87. Robbery with firearms or other dangerous weapons

(a) Any person or persons who, having in possession or with the use or threatened use of any firearms or other dangerous weapon, implement or means, whereby the life of a person is endangered or threatened, unlawfully takes or attempts to take personal property from another or from any place of business, residence or banking institution or any other place where there is a person or persons in attendance, at any time, either day or night, or who aids or abets any such person or persons in the commission of such crime, shall be guilty of a Class D felony.

(b), (c) Repealed by Laws 1979, c. 760, § 5.

(d) Repealed by Laws 1993, c. 539, § 1173, eff. Oct. 1, 1994.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by Laws 1975, c. 543; Laws 1975, c. 846; Laws 1977, c. 871, §§ 1, 6; Laws 1979, c. 760, § 5; Laws 1979 (2nd Sess.), c. 1316, § 12; Laws 1993, c. 539, § 1173, eff. Oct. 1, 1994; Laws 1994, (1st Ex. Sess.), c. 24, § 14(c), eff. March 26, 1994.

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. § 14-87.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 14-87.1. Punishment for common-law robbery

Robbery as defined at common law, other than robbery with a firearm or other dangerous weapon as defined by G.S. 14-87, shall be punishable as a Class G felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1979, c. 760, § 5. Amended by Laws 1993, c. 539, § 1174, eff. Oct. 1, 1994; Laws 1994, (1st Ex.Sess.), c. 24, § 14(c), eff. March 26, 1994.

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. § 14-88

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 14-88. Train robbery

If any person shall enter upon any locomotive engine or car on any railroad in this State, and by threats, the exhibition of deadly weapons or the discharge of any pistol or gun, in or near any such engine or car, shall induce or compel any person on such engine or car to submit and deliver up, or allow to be taken therefrom, or from him, anything of value, he shall be guilty of train robbery, and on conviction thereof shall be punished as a Class D felon.

CREDIT(S)

Amended by Laws 1979, c. 760, § 5; Laws 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1316, § 47; Laws 1981, c. 63, § 1; Laws 1981, c. 179, § 14; Laws 1993, c. 539, § 1175, eff. Oct. 1, 1994; Laws 1994, (1st Ex.Sess.), c. 24, § 14(c), eff. March 26, 1994.

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. § 14-89

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 14-89. Repealed by Laws 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 14, § 71(5), eff. Oct. 1, 1994

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. § 14-89.1

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 17. Robbery (Refs & Annos)

§ 14-89.1. Safecracking

(a) A person is guilty of safecracking if he unlawfully opens, enters, or attempts to open or enter a safe or vault:

(1) By the use of explosives, drills, or tools; or

(2) Through the use of a stolen combination, key, electronic device, or other fraudulently acquired implement or means; or

(3) Through the use of a master key, duplicate key or device made or obtained in an unauthorized manner, stethoscope or other listening device, electronic device used for unauthorized entry in a safe or vault, or other surreptitious means; or

(4) By the use of any other safecracking implement or means.

(b) A person is also guilty of safecracking if he unlawfully removes from its premises a safe or vault for the purpose of stealing, tampering with, or ascertaining its contents.

(c) Safecracking shall be punishable as a Class I felony.

CREDIT(S)

Added by Laws 1961, c. 653. Amended by Laws 1973, c. 235, § 1; Laws 1977, c. 1106; Laws 1979, c. 760, § 5; Laws 1979 (2nd Sess.), c. 1316, § 47; Laws 1981, c. 63, § 1, Laws 1981, c. 179, § 14; Laws 1993, c. 539, § 1176, eff. Oct. 1, 1994; Laws 1994 (1st Ex. Sess.), c. 24, § 14(c), eff. March 26, 1994.

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

N.C.G.S.A. Ch. 14, Subch. V, Art. 18, Refs & Annos

 

West's North Carolina General Statutes Annotated Currentness

Chapter 14. Criminal Law

Subchapter V. Offenses Against Property

Article 18. Embezzlement

The statutes and Constitution are current through S.L. 2013-55 of the 2013 Regular Session of the General Assembly.

NDCC, 12.1-22-01

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-01. Robbery

1. A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he inflicts or attempts to inflict bodily injury upon another or threatens or menaces another with imminent bodily injury.

2. Robbery is a class A felony if the actor fires a firearm or explodes or hurls a destructive device or directs the force of any other dangerous weapon against another. Robbery is a class B felony if the robber possesses or pretends to possess a firearm, destructive device, or other dangerous weapon, or menaces another with serious bodily injury, or inflicts bodily injury upon another, or is aided by an accomplice actually present. Otherwise robbery is a class C felony.

3. In this section:

a. An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing a theft” if it occurs in an attempt to commit theft, whether or not the theft is successfully completed, or in immediate flight from the commission of, or an unsuccessful effort to commit, the theft.

b. “Dangerous weapon” means a weapon defined in subsection 6 of section 12.1-01-04 or a weapon the possession of which under the circumstances indicates an intent or readiness to inflict serious bodily injury.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-02

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-02. Burglary

1. A person is guilty of burglary if he willfully enters or surreptitiously remains in a building or occupied structure, or a separately secured or occupied portion thereof, when at the time the premises are not open to the public and the actor is not licensed, invited, or otherwise privileged to enter or remain as the case may be, with intent to commit a crime therein.

2. Burglary is a class B felony if:

a. The offense is committed at night and is knowingly perpetrated in the dwelling of another; or

b. In effecting entry or while in the premises or in immediate flight therefrom, the actor inflicts or attempts to inflict bodily injury or physical restraint on another, or menaces another with imminent serious bodily injury, or is armed with a firearm, destructive device, or other weapon the possession of which under the circumstances indicates an intent or readiness to inflict serious bodily injury.

Otherwise burglary is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-03

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-03. Criminal trespass

1. An individual is guilty of a class C felony if, knowing that that individual is not licensed or privileged to do so, the individual enters or remains in a dwelling or in highly secured premises.

2. An individual is guilty of a class A misdemeanor if, knowing that that individual is not licensed or privileged to do so, the individual:

a. Enters or remains in or on any building, occupied structure, or storage structure, or separately secured or occupied portion thereof; or

b. Enters or remains in any place so enclosed as manifestly to exclude intruders.

3. An individual is guilty of a class B misdemeanor if, knowing that that individual is not licensed or privileged to do so, the individual enters or remains in any place as to which notice against trespass is given by actual communication to the actor by the individual in charge of the premises or other authorized individual or by posting in a manner reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders. The name of the person posting the premises must appear on each sign in legible characters. An individual who violates this subsection is guilty of a class A misdemeanor for the second or subsequent offense within a two-year period.

4. An individual is guilty of a class B misdemeanor if that individual remains upon the property of another after being requested to leave the property by a duly authorized individual. An individual who violates this subsection is guilty of a class A misdemeanor for the second or subsequent offense within a two-year period.

5. This section does not apply to a peace officer in the course of discharging the peace officer's official duties.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21; S.L. 1989, ch. 165, § 1; S.L. 1991, ch. 126, § 1; S.L. 1991, ch. 127, § 1; S.L. 1997, ch. 121, § 2; S.L. 2007, ch. 127, § 1, eff. Aug. 1, 2007.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-03.1

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-03.1. Repealed by S.L. 2001, ch. 134, § 11, eff. Aug. 1, 2001

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-04

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-04. Unlawful entry into or concealment within a vehicle

1. A person is guilty of an offense if, knowing that the person is not licensed or privileged to do so, the person:

a. Forcibly enters a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft;

b. Enters a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, without the use of force, with intent to commit a crime; or

c. Enters a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft lawfully, and with the intent to commit a crime, conceals oneself in the vehicle, vessel, or aircraft.

2. The offense is a class B felony if the actor is armed with a firearm, destructive device, or other weapon the possession of which under the circumstances indicates an intent or readiness to inflict serious bodily injury. Otherwise the offense is a class C felony.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21; S.L. 1995, ch. 130, § 1.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-05

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-05. Stowing away

A person is guilty of a class A misdemeanor if, knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so, he surreptitiously remains aboard a vehicle, train, vessel, or aircraft with intent to obtain transportation.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21; S.L. 1975, ch. 116, § 17.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

NDCC, 12.1-22-06

West's North Dakota Century Code Annotated Currentness

Title 12.1. Criminal Code

Chapter 12.1-22. Robbery--Breaking and Entering Offenses

§ 12.1-22-06. Definitions

In sections 12.1-22-02 to 12.1-22-06:

1. “Dwelling” has the meaning prescribed in subsection 2 of section 12.1-05-12.

2. “Highly secured premises” means any place which is continuously guarded and where display of visible identification is required of persons while they are on the premises.

3. “Night” means the period between thirty minutes past sunset and thirty minutes before sunrise.

4. “Occupied structure” means a structure or vehicle:

a. Where any person lives or carries on business or other calling; or

b. Which is used for overnight accommodation of persons.

c. Any such structure or vehicle is deemed to be “occupied” regardless of whether a person is actually present.

5. “Storage structure” means any structure, truck, railway car, or aircraft which is used primarily for the storage or transportation of property.

CREDIT(S)

S.L. 1973, ch. 116, § 21.

Current through the 2011 Regular and Special Sessions of the 62nd Legislative Assembly

M.S.A. § 609.24

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Minnesota Statutes Annotated Currentness

Crimes, Criminals (Ch. 609-624)

Chapter 609. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Crimes Against the Person

609.24. Simple robbery

Whoever, having knowledge of not being entitled thereto, takes personal property from the person or in the presence of another and uses or threatens the imminent use of force against any person to overcome the person's resistance or powers of resistance to, or to compel acquiescence in, the taking or carrying away of the property is guilty of robbery and may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than ten years or to payment of a fine of not more than $20,000, or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1963, c. 753. Amended by Laws 1984, c. 628, art. 3, § 11; Laws 1986, c. 444.

RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

<Section 480.059, subd. 7, provides in part that statutes which relate to substantive criminal law found in chapter 609, except for sections 609.115 and 609.145, remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the Rules of Criminal Procedure.>

 

Current with laws of the 2013 Regular Session through Chapter 39, 41, 45, and 74

M.S.A. § 609.245

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Minnesota Statutes Annotated Currentness

Crimes, Criminals (Ch. 609-624)

Chapter 609. Criminal Code (Refs & Annos)

Crimes Against the Person

609.245. Aggravated robbery

Subdivision 1. First degree. Whoever, while committing a robbery, is armed with a dangerous weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead the victim to reasonably believe it to be a dangerous weapon, or inflicts bodily harm upon another, is guilty of aggravated robbery in the first degree and may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than 20 years or to payment of a fine of not more than $35,000, or both.

Subd. 2. Second degree. Whoever, while committing a robbery, implies, by word or act, possession of a dangerous weapon, is guilty of aggravated robbery in the second degree and may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than 15 years or to payment of a fine of not more than $30,000, or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1963, c. 753. Amended by Laws 1984, c. 628, art. 3, § 11; Laws 1988, c. 712, § 5, eff. Aug. 1, 1988; Laws 1994, c. 636, art. 2, § 23.

RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

<Section 480.059, subd. 7, provides in part that statutes which relate to substantive criminal law found in chapter 609, except for sections 609.115 and 609.145, remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the Rules of Criminal Procedure.>

 

Current with laws of the 2013 Regular Session through Chapter 39, 41, 45, and 74

V.A.M.S. T. XXXVIII, Ch. 569, Refs & Annos

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

V.A.M.S. 569.010

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

569.010. Chapter definitions

As used in this chapter the following terms mean:

(1) “Forcibly steals”, a person “forcibly steals”, and thereby commits robbery, when, in the course of stealing, as defined in section 570.030, RSMo, he uses or threatens the immediate use of physical force upon another person for the purpose of:

(a) Preventing or overcoming resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking; or

(b) Compelling the owner of such property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the theft;

(2) “Inhabitable structure” includes a ship, trailer, sleeping car, airplane, or other vehicle or structure:

(a) Where any person lives or carries on business or other calling; or

(b) Where people assemble for purposes of business, government, education, religion, entertainment or public transportation; or

(c) Which is used for overnight accommodation of persons. Any such vehicle or structure is “inhabitable” regardless of whether a person is actually present;

(3) “Of another”, property is that “of another” if any natural person, corporation, partnership, association, governmental subdivision or instrumentality, other than the actor, has a possessory or proprietary interest therein;

(4) If a building or structure is divided into separately occupied units, any unit not occupied by the actor is an “inhabitable structure of another”;

(5) “Vital public facility” includes a facility maintained for use as a bridge, whether over land or water, dam, reservoir, tunnel, communication installation or power station;

(6) “Utility”, an enterprise which provides gas, electric, steam, water, sewerage disposal or communication services and any common carrier. It may be either publicly or privately owned or operated;

(7) “To tamper”, to interfere with something improperly, to meddle with it, displace it, make unwarranted alterations in its existing condition, or to deprive, temporarily, the owner or possessor of that thing;

(8) “Enter unlawfully or remain unlawfully”, a person “enters unlawfully or remains unlawfully” in or upon premises when he is not licensed or privileged to do so. A person who, regardless of his purpose, enters or remains in or upon premises which are at the time open to the public does so with license and privilege unless he defies a lawful order not to enter or remain, personally communicated to him by the owner of such premises or by other authorized person. A license or privilege to enter or remain in a building which is only partly open to the public is not a license or privilege to enter or remain in that part of the building which is not open to the public.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1977, S.B. No. 60, p. 662, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1979.)

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

V.A.M.S. 569.020

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

569.020. Robbery in the first degree

1. A person commits the crime of robbery in the first degree when he forcibly steals property and in the course thereof he, or another participant in the crime,

(1) Causes serious physical injury to any person; or

(2) Is armed with a deadly weapon; or

(3) Uses or threatens the immediate use of a dangerous instrument against any person; or

(4) Displays or threatens the use of what appears to be a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.

2. Robbery in the first degree is a class A felony.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1977, S.B. No. 60, p. 662, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1979.)

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

V.A.M.S. 569.025

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

569.025. Pharmacy robbery in the first degree, definitions, penalty

1. A person commits the crime of pharmacy robbery in the first degree when he forcibly steals any controlled substance from a pharmacy and in the course thereof he, or another participant in the crime:

(1) Causes serious physical injury to any person;

(2) Is armed with a deadly weapon;

(3) Uses or threatens the immediate use of a dangerous instrument against any person; or

(4) Displays or threatens the use of what appears to be a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument.

2. For purposes of this section the following terms mean:

(1) “Controlled substance”, a drug, substance or immediate precursor in schedules I through V as defined in sections 195.005 to 195.425, RSMo;

(2) “Pharmacy”, any building, warehouse, physician's office, hospital, pharmaceutical house or other structure used in whole or in part for the sale, storage or dispensing of any controlled substance as defined by sections 195.005 to 195.425, RSMo.

3. Pharmacy robbery in the first degree is a class A felony, but, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person convicted pursuant to this section shall not be eligible for suspended execution of sentence, parole or conditional release until having served a minimum of ten years of imprisonment.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1986, S.B. No. 450, § A, eff. March 17, 1986. Amended by L.1989, S.B. Nos. 215 & 58, § A.)

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

V.A.M.S. 569.030

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

569.030. Robbery in the second degree

1. A person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree when he forcibly steals property.

2. Robbery in the second degree is a class B felony.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1977, S.B. No. 60, p. 662, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1979.)

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

V.A.M.S. 569.035

Effective:[See Text Amendments]

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes Currentness

Title XXXVIII. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders

Chapter 569. Robbery, Arson, Burglary and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

569.035. Pharmacy robbery in the second degree, definitions, penalty

1. A person commits the crime of pharmacy robbery in the second degree when he forcibly steals any controlled substance from a pharmacy.

2. For purposes of this section the following terms mean:

(1) “Controlled substance”, a drug, substance or immediate precursor in schedules I through V as defined in sections 195.005 to 195.425, RSMo;

(2) “Pharmacy”, any building, warehouse, physician's office, hospital, pharmaceutical house or other structure used in whole or in part for the sale, storage or dispensing of any controlled substance as defined by sections 195.005 to 195.425, RSMo.

3. Pharmacy robbery in the second degree is a class B felony, but, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person convicted pursuant to this section shall not be eligible for suspended execution of sentence, parole or conditional release until having served a minimum of five years of imprisonment.

CREDIT(S)

(L.1986, S.B. No. 450, § A, eff. March 17, 1986. Amended by L.1989, S.B. Nos. 215 & 58, § A.)

Statutes are current with emergency legislation approved through May 15, 2013, of the 2013 First Regular Session of the 97th General Assembly. Constitution is current through the November 6, 2012 General Election.

W.S.1977 § 6-3-101

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-101. Arson; first degree; aggravated arson; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of first-degree arson if he maliciously starts a fire or causes an explosion with intent to destroy or damage an occupied structure.

(b) First-degree arson is a felony punishable by:

(i) Imprisonment for not more than twenty (20) years;

(ii) A fine of not more than the greater of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000.00) or two (2) times the face amount of the insurance if the fire was started to cause collection of insurance for the loss; or

(iii) Both fine and imprisonment.

(c) A person is guilty of aggravated arson if he maliciously starts a fire or causes an explosion with intent to destroy an occupied structure, under circumstances evidencing reckless disregard for human life, and serious bodily injury or death occurs to another person, either at the scene or while in emergency response to the incident.

(d) Aggravated arson is a felony punishable by:

(i) Imprisonment for not more than thirty (30) years;

(ii) A fine of not more than the greater of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000.00) or two (2) times the face amount of the insurance if the fire was started to cause collection of insurance for the loss; or

(iii) Both fine and imprisonment.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1; Laws 1993, ch. 166, § 2.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-102

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-102. Arson; second degree; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of second-degree arson if he starts a fire or causes an explosion with intent to destroy or damage any property to cause collection of insurance for the loss.

(b) Second-degree arson is a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than ten (10) years, a fine of not more than two (2) times the face amount of the insurance, or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-103

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-103. Arson; third degree; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of third-degree arson if he intentionally starts a fire or causes an explosion and intentionally, recklessly or with criminal negligence:

(i) Places another in danger of bodily injury; or

(ii) Destroys or damages any property of another which has a value of two hundred dollars ($200.00) or more.

(b) Third-degree arson is a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000.00), or both.

(c) For purposes of this article, “property of another” means a building, or other property, whether real or personal, in which any person or entity other than the offender has an interest, including an insurance or mortgage interest, which the offender has no authority to defeat or impair, even though the offender may also have an interest in the building or property.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1; Laws 1984, ch. 44, § 2; Laws 1993, ch. 166, § 2.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-104

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-104. Arson; fourth degree; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of fourth-degree arson if he intentionally starts a fire or causes an explosion and intentionally, recklessly or with criminal negligence destroys or damages any property of another as defined in W.S. 6-3-103(c) which has a value of less than two hundred dollars ($200.00).

(b) Fourth-degree arson is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1; Laws 1984, ch. 44, § 2; Laws 1993, ch. 166, § 2.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-105

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-105. Negligently burning woods, prairie or grounds; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both, if he, without permission of the owner and acting with criminal negligence:

(i) Sets fire to any woods, prairie or grounds or to anything on any woods, prairie or grounds which is the property of another; or

(ii) Allows a fire to pass from the owner's woods, prairie or grounds to the injury or destruction of any property of another.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-106

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-106. Failure to extinguish or contain fire in woods or prairie; penalty

A person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00) if he lights a fire in any woods or on any prairie and leaves the vicinity of the fire without extinguishing it or containing it so it does not spread and is not likely to spread.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-107

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-107. Throwing burning substance from vehicle; penalties

A person who throws a burning substance from a vehicle is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-108

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-108. Definitions for W.S. 6-3-108 through 6-3-110

(a) As used in W.S. 6-3-108 through 6-3-110:

(i) “Authorized agency” means any of the following agencies or officials when authorized or required to investigate or prosecute alleged arson:

(A) The state fire marshal or his designee;

(B) A county and prosecuting or district attorney;

(C) The attorney general or his designee;

(D) A fire department;

(E) A county sheriff's department, the Wyoming state highway patrol or municipal police department;

(F) The federal bureau of investigation or any other federal agency;

(G) The United States attorney's office; and

(H) The state insurance commissioner or his designee.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1; Laws 1999, ch. 29, § 1, eff. July 1, 1999.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-109

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-109. Information provided by insurers; notice of nonaccidental fires; release of information; immunity

(a) Upon receipt of a written request from an authorized agency, an insurance company shall release to the authorized agency all information requested by the agency relating to a fire loss. The information may include:

(i) The application for the policy;

(ii) Insurance policy information relevant to the insured;

(iii) Policy premium payment records;

(iv) The insured's history of claims; and

(v) Material from an investigation of the loss, including statements, proof of loss and other relevant information.

(b) An insurance company which has reason to believe a fire loss was caused by other than accident shall notify an authorized agency in writing and upon request shall provide all information developed in the company's inquiry into the fire loss. Notice to any authorized agency is sufficient notice under W.S. 6-3-108 through 6-3-110.

(c) Upon request, an authorized agency may release to any other authorized agency information obtained pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section.

(d) An insurance company which provided information to an authorized agency pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section may request relevant information from an authorized agency. Within a reasonable time, the authorized agency may provide the requested information.

(e) Any insurance company or person acting in its behalf or authorized agency who releases information, whether oral or written, is immune from any liability arising out of a civil action or any penalty resulting from a criminal prosecution which occurs incident to the release of the information unless willful misstatement, attempted duress or malice is shown.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-110

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-110. Information to be held in confidence

An authorized agency or insurance company which receives information pursuant to W.S. 6-3-108 through 6-3-110 shall hold the information in confidence except when release is authorized by the source of the information, by W.S. 6-3-108 through 6-3-110 or by a court of competent jurisdiction.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-111

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-111. Possession, manufacture, transportation and sale of explosives, improvised explosive device, or incendiary apparatus with unlawful intent prohibited; penalties; definition; exception

(a) As used in this section:

(i) “Explosive” means any chemical or mechanical compound, substance or mixture that is commonly used or intended to cause an explosion and which contains any oxidizing and combustive units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities or packing that an ignition by fire, friction, concussion, percussion or by detonation of any part of the compound or mixture is likely to cause such a sudden generation of heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on nearby objects, or of destroying life or limb;

(ii) “Improvised explosive device” means any device, not commercially manufactured in the ordinary course of interstate commerce, which contains explosives as defined by paragraph (i) of this subsection;

(iii) “Incendiary apparatus” means any fuse, accelerant, time delay ignition apparatus, mechanism, device or material or combination of materials designed, devised or reasonably calculated to cause, spread or accelerate the rate of burning of a fire, or to cause additional damage at or by a fire, or to cause an explosion in connection with a fire;

(iv) The terms “explosive,” “improvised explosive device” and “incendiary apparatus” shall be construed to include and refer to any explosive, incendiary, bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than four (4) ounces, missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one-quarter (1/

4) ounce, mine or similar device containing or represented to contain any poison gas, nerve gas, biological agent or other chemical or substance capable of causing death or serious physical injury.

(b) Any person who possesses, manufactures, transports, sells or delivers to another person any explosive, improvised explosive device, or incendiary apparatus, with the intent unlawfully to endanger the life or physical well being of another, to commit assault or battery or to inflict bodily harm or injury upon the person of another, or with the intent to assist another person to do the same, is guilty of a felony. Upon conviction, he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten (10) years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00), or both.

(c) Any person who possesses, manufactures, transports, sells or delivers to another person any explosive, improvised explosive device, or incendiary apparatus, with the intent to cause injury or damage to the property of another as defined in W.S. 6-3-103(c), or with the intent to assist another person to do the same, is guilty of a felony. Upon conviction, he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000.00), or both.

(d) A person is guilty of intimidation by explosive device if he knowingly, and with the intent to threaten, intimidate or terrorize another person, uses any object or material and represents it to be an explosive, improvised explosive device or incendiary apparatus, and thereby places another person in reasonable fear of imminent physical harm. Upon conviction he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00), or both.

(e) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to apply to any law enforcement officer if performed in the lawful performance of his official duties, nor to any person customarily engaged in the lawful business of manufacture, transportation, sale or use of such materials and devices, if performed in the ordinary course of business and without the criminal intent described in this section, nor to any person actually and lawfully engaged in demolition activity on a ranch, farm or construction site with the authority of the owner thereof, and acting without the criminal intent described in this section.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1993, ch. 166, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-112

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 1. Arson and Related Offenses (Refs & Annos)

§ 6-3-112. Preventing or obstructing extinguishment of fire; interference with firefighter; penalties

(a) A person who willfully injures, destroys, removes or in any manner interferes with the use of any vehicle, tools, equipment, water supplies, hydrants, towers, buildings, communications facilities, or other instruments or facilities used in the detection, reporting, suppression or extinguishing of fire is guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction, he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), or both.

(b) A person who willfully and unreasonably hinders or interferes with a firefighter in the performance of his official duties, or attempts to do so with the intention of interfering with the firefighting effort, is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1993, ch. 166, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-201

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 2. Property Destruction and Defacement

§ 6-3-201. Property destruction and defacement; grading; penalties; aggregated costs or values

(a) A person is guilty of property destruction and defacement if he knowingly defaces, injures or destroys property of another without the owner's consent.

(b) Property destruction and defacement is:

(i) A misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both, if the cost of restoring injured property or the value of the property if destroyed is less than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00);

(ii) Repealed by Laws 1985, ch. 44, § 2.

(iii) A felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than ten (10) years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00), or both, if the cost of restoring injured property or the value of the property if destroyed is one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) or more.

(c) If a series of injuries results from a single continuing course of conduct, a single violation of this section may be charged and penalties imposed based upon the aggregate cost or value of the property injured or destroyed.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1985, ch. 44, §§ 1, 2; Laws 2004, ch. 126, § 1, eff. July 1, 2004.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session

 

W.S.1977 § 6-3-202

 

West's Wyoming Statutes Annotated Currentness

Title 6. Crimes and Offenses

Chapter 3. Offenses Against Property

Article 2. Property Destruction and Defacement

§ 6-3-202. Altering landmarks; penalties

(a) A person is guilty of altering landmarks if, with intent to destroy or deface the mark on a monument, landmark or bearing-tree designating the corner or boundary of a tract of land, he knowingly:

(i) Displaces the monument or landmark;

(ii) Defaces or alters the mark; or

(iii) Breaks, cuts down or removes the monument, landmark or bearing-tree.

(b) Altering landmarks is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both.

CREDIT(S)

Laws 1982, ch. 75, § 3; Laws 1983, ch. 171, § 1.

 

Current through the 2013 General Session